PMP Exam Dumps - Project Management Professional (2025 Version)

According to the PMBOK Guide, the project manager should plan, manage, and monitor the communication activities throughout the project life cycle. The project manager should also consider the stakeholder needs, preferences, and expectations when choosing the communication methods, tools, and technologies. The project manager should also update the communications management plan as needed to reflect any changes in the communication requirements or approach. Therefore, the project manager should update the communications management plan based on the product owner’s preferences and distribute it to the team. This will ensure that the communication is effective, timely, and consistent among the project stakeholders. References: PMBOK Guide, 6th edition, pages 361-362, 368-369.

A hybrid approach is a combination of two or more project management methodologies, such as Waterfall and Agile, that aims to create a new and better model for a specific project123. A hybrid approach can be beneficial for projects that have high complexity, uncertainty, and changing requirements, as it allows for more flexibility, speed, and customer satisfaction. However, a hybrid approach also requires a high level of collaboration and communication among the project team members, as they need to adapt to different processes and practices depending on the project phase and situation. Therefore, a project manager who is experienced in agile should allocate time to mentor the team on how to work in a hybrid way, such as by explaining the benefits and challenges of the approach, providing guidance and feedback, facilitating team meetings and retrospectives, and resolving any conflicts or issues that may arise. This will help the team to develop the skills and mindset needed to work effectively and efficiently in a hybrid environment. References: https://hygger.io/blog/what-is-the-hybrid-approach-in-project-management/

https://thedigitalprojectmanager.com/projects/pm-methodology/hybrid-project-management-methodology/

 In an agile project, the project manager should collaborate with the stakeholders and the product owner to manage changes in the product. Asking the stakeholders about the priority of this change will help the project manager understand the value and urgency of the change, and align the expectations of the stakeholders with the project vision. Asking the product owner to review the product backlog will help the project manager ensure that the change is properly prioritized and incorporated into the product backlog, which is the source of requirements for the agile project. Asking the team members to analyze the impact of this change, asking the sponsor to approve the change request, or asking the team members to include the change in the next iteration are not the best actions to take in an agile project, as they may introduce unnecessary delays, bureaucracy, or scope creep. References: = PMBOK Guide, 6th edition, page 18, section 1.2.3 (Agile Considerations); page 176, section 5.1.1.1 (Project Stakeholders); page 179, section 5.1.3.1 (Project Charter); page 181, section 5.2.1.1 (Product Owner); page 182, section 5.2.3.1 (Product Backlog)

One of the methods to prioritize projects or features is to use a scoring model, which evaluates different aspects of a project or feature and assigns a numeric value to each criterion. In this case, the criteria are the business value and the development effort of each feature. A common way to calculate the score of a feature is to divide the business value by the development effort, which gives the value-to-effort ratio. The higher the ratio, the higher the priority of the feature. Using this method, the scores of the features are:

Feature A: 100 / 20 = 5

Feature B: 80 / 10 = 8

Feature C: 120 / 15 = 8

Feature D: 60 / 5 = 12

Feature E: 40 / 10 = 4

As you can see, Feature D has the highest score, but it also has the lowest business value. Therefore, it may not be the best choice to prioritize first, as it may not align with the strategic goals of the product or the organization. Feature C, on the other hand, has the same score as Feature B, but it has the highest business value among all the features. Therefore, Feature C should be the first feature to prioritize, as it delivers the most value with a reasonable effort.

A minimum viable product (MVP) is a concept from Lean Startup that stresses the impact of learning in new product development. It is the simplest version of a product that allows a team to collect the maximum amount of validated learning about customers with the least effort. An MVP can help a project manager to deliver value to the customer faster, test the market demand, and reduce the risk of failure. To create an MVP, the project manager needs to review the project backlog and prioritize the features that are essential to solve the customer’s problem or satisfy their need. The project manager can use agile methods such as user stories, story mapping, and MoSCoW prioritization to identify and rank the features. The project manager can then plan and execute the development of the MVP within the expected timeline and gather feedback from the customer and stakeholders to validate the product and make improvements. References:

MVP Definition and Examples | Project Management Glossary - Jexo

What is a Minimum Viable Product (MVP)? | Agile Alliance

MVPs and MBIs - Project Management Institute

The first action recommended for a CEO with no prior project experience is to establish a framework that supports project success. This involves defining processes and practices that align with the organization’s goals and resources, ensuring that projects are managed effectively from the start. A framework provides guidance on roles, responsibilities, and procedures, which is crucial for a startup to manage projects successfully1.

Agile and incremental delivery focuses on delivering value early and frequently. Since the prototype is being built incrementally, the project is likely following an adaptive or hybrid lifecycle. In such cases, delivering business value as soon as possible is the key objective. This enables faster feedback, early realization of benefits, and improved customer satisfaction.

According to the PMBOK® Guide – Seventh Edition (Value Delivery System), one of the key goals of a project is to maximize value delivery. The Agile Practice Guide emphasizes iterative delivery and prioritizing features with the highest business value early in development.

Option A (PDCA) is a general continuous improvement method, not specific to value delivery prioritization.

Option C (Kanban) is a scheduling method that may help visualize flow but is not the primary priority here.

Option D (informing the sponsor of the schedule) is good practice but not the highest priority in this context.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Before taking corrective actions like adding resources (B) or applying schedule compression techniques (D), the project manager should first understand the root cause of the delay. RCA helps identify whether the issue is due to skill gaps, workload, ambiguity, or other factors. This step ensures that the right mitigation strategy is implemented.