CISM Exam Dumps - Certified Information Security Manager

The development phase is the stage of the system development life cycle (SDLC) where the system requirements, design, architecture, and implementation are performed. The development phase is most challenging to implement security controls because it involves complex and dynamic processes that may not be well understood or documented. Security controls are essential for ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the system and its data, as well as for complying with regulatory and contractual obligations. However, security controls may also introduce additional costs, risks, and constraints to the development process, such as:

Increased complexity and overhead of testing, verification, validation, and maintenance

Reduced flexibility and agility of changing requirements or design

Increased dependency on external vendors or third parties for security services or products

Increased vulnerability to errors, defects, or vulnerabilities in the code or configuration

Increased difficulty in measuring and reporting on security performance or effectiveness

Therefore, implementing security controls in the development phase requires careful planning, coordination, communication, and collaboration among all stakeholders involved in the SDLC. It also requires a clear understanding of the security objectives, scope, criteria, standards, policies, procedures, roles, responsibilities, and resources for the system. Moreover, it requires a proactive approach to identifying and mitigating potential threats or risks that may affect the security of the system.

References = CISM Manual1, Chapter 3: Information Security Program Development (ISPD), Section 3.1: System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)2

1: https://store.isaca.org/s/store#/store/browse/cat/a2D4w00000Ac6NNEAZ/tiles 2: https://store.isaca.org/s/store#/store/browse/cat/a2D4w00000Ac6NNEAZ/tiles

Chain of custody is the MOST important requirement when collecting admissible evidence, because it ensures the integrity and authenticity of the evidence by documenting its history, handling, and storage. Chain of custody records who, what, when, where, why, and how the evidence was collected, analyzed, and preserved. Without a proper chain of custody, the evidence may be challenged or rejected in a court of law. Need to know, preserving audit logs, and due diligence are important aspects of evidence collection, but they are not as critical as chain of custody. References = CISM Review Manual, 16th Edition, page 3031; CISM Review Questions, Answers & Explanations Manual, 10th Edition, page 1492

The most important requirement when collecting admissible evidence is the chain of custody. The chain of custody is a documented record of who had control of the evidence at any given time, from the point of collection until the evidence is presented in court. This is important in order to ensure the evidence can be authenticated and is not subject to tampering or any other form of interference. Other important considerations include need to know, preserving audit logs, and due diligence.

Recovery time objectives (RTOs) are the maximum acceptable time that an organization can be offline or unavailable after a disruption. RTOs are important to maintain integration among the incident response plan, business continuity plan (BCP), and disaster recovery plan (DRP) because they help align the recovery goals and strategies of each plan. By defining clear and realistic RTOs, an organization can ensure that its IT infrastructure and systems are restored as quickly as possible after a disaster, minimizing the impact on business operations and customer satisfaction.

References = CISM Manual, Chapter 6: Incident Response Planning, Section 6.2: Recovery Time Objectives (RTOs), page 971

1: https://store.isaca.org/s/store#/store/browse/cat/a2D4w00000Ac6NNEAZ/tiles

 An information security post-incident review is a process that aims to identify the root causes, impacts, lessons learned, and improvement actions of a security incident. The highest priority during a post-incident review should be evaluating the effectiveness of the incident response, which means assessing how well the incident response plan, procedures, roles, resources, and communication were executed and aligned with the business objectives and requirements. Evaluating the incident response effectiveness can help to identify the gaps, weaknesses, strengths, and opportunities for improvement in the incident response process and capabilities. Documenting actions taken in sufficient detail, updating key risk indicators (KRIs), and evaluating the performance of incident response team members are also important activities during a post-incident review, but they are not as critical as evaluating the incident response effectiveness, which can provide a holistic and strategic view of the incident response maturity and value.

References =

ISACA, CISM Review Manual, 16th Edition, 2020, page 2411

ISACA, CISM Review Questions, Answers & Explanations Database - 12 Month Subscription, 2020, question ID 2192

During post-incident reviews, the highest priority should be given to evaluating the effectiveness of the incident response effort. This includes assessing the accuracy of the response to the incident, the timeliness of the response, and the efficiency of the response. It is important to assess the effectiveness of the response in order to identify areas for improvement and ensure that future responses can be more effective. Documenting the actions taken in sufficient detail, updating key risk indicators (KRIs), and evaluating the performance of incident response team members are all important components of a post-incident review, but evaluating incident response effectiveness should be given the highest priority.

= A security exception is a formal authorization to deviate from a security policy, standard, or control, due to a valid business reason or requirement. The primary reason for granting a security exception is that the risk associated with the deviation is justified by the benefit to the business, such as increased efficiency, productivity, customer satisfaction, or competitive advantage. The security exception should be approved by the appropriate authority, such as the senior management or the risk committee, based on a risk assessment and a cost-benefit analysis. The security exception should also be documented, communicated, monitored, and reviewed periodically123. References =

1: CISM Review Manual 15th Edition, page 364

2: CISM Practice Quiz, question 1132

3: Security Policy Exception Management, section “Security Policy Exception Management Process”

 Maintaining a chain of custody is the most important step when conducting a forensic investigation, as this ensures that the evidence is preserved, protected, and documented from the time of collection to the time of presentation in court. A chain of custody provides a record of who handled the evidence, when, where, why, and how, and prevents any tampering, alteration, or loss of the evidence. A chain of custody also establishes the authenticity, reliability, and admissibility of the evidence in legal proceedings. Analyzing system memory, documenting analysis steps, and capturing full system images are also important, but not as important as maintaining a chain of custody, as they do not guarantee the integrity and validity of the evidence. References = CISM Review Manual 2023, page 1701; CISM Review Questions, Answers & Explanations Manual 2023, page 332; ISACA CISM - iSecPrep, page 183

 Role-based access control (RBAC) is a policy-neutral access control mechanism that assigns access privileges to defined roles in the organization and then makes each user a member of the appropriate roles. RBAC reduces security administration efforts by simplifying the management of access rights across different users and resources. RBAC also enables consistent and efficient enforcement of the principle of least privilege, which grants users only the minimum rights required to perform their assigned tasks. RBAC can also facilitate the implementation of separation of duties, which prevents users from having conflicting or incompatible responsibilities. RBAC is among the most widely used methods in the information security tool kit1. References = CIS Control 6: Access Control Management - Netwrix, CISSP certification: RBAC (Role based access control), What is RBAC? (Role Based Access Control) - IONOS

The information security manager should do FIRST invoke the organization’s incident response plan, which is a predefined set of procedures and guidelines for handling security incidents in a timely and effective manner. The incident response plan should include the roles and responsibilities of the incident response team, the communication protocols and channels, the escalation and reporting procedures, and the documentation and evidence collection requirements. By invoking the incident response plan, the information security manager can ensure that the incident is properly contained, analyzed, resolved, and reported, and that the appropriate stakeholders are informed and involved. The other options are not the first actions that the information security manager should take, as they are part of the communication process that follows the incident response plan. Setting up communication channels for the target audience, determining the needs and requirements of each audience, and creating a comprehensive singular communication are all important steps for communicating effectively with the board, regulatory agencies, and the media, but they are not the first priority in the event of a security incident. The information security manager should first follow the incident response plan to manage the incident and its impact, and then communicate the relevant information to the target audience according to the plan. References = CISM Review Manual, 16th Edition, page 2261; CISM Review Questions, Answers & Explanations Manual, 10th Edition, page 1012

Determining the needs and requirements of each audience should be the FIRST step in developing materials to update the board, regulatory agencies, and the media about a security incident. This is because different audiences have different expectations, interests, and concerns regarding the incident and its impact. By understanding the needs and requirements of each audience, the information security manager can tailor the communication materials to address them effectively and appropriately. This will also help to avoid confusion, misinformation, or misinterpretation of the incident details and response actions