CISM Exam Dumps - Certified Information Security Manager

Declaring an incident is the best course of action when confidential information is inadvertently disseminated outside the organization, as it triggers the incident response process, which aims to contain, analyze, eradicate, recover, and learn from the incident. Declaring an incident also helps to communicate the exposure to the relevant stakeholders, such as senior management, legal authorities, customers, or regulators, and to comply with the applicable laws and regulations regarding notification and disclosure. Changing the encryption keys, reviewing compliance requirements, or communicating the exposure are possible steps within the incident response process, but they are not the first course of action.

References = CISM Review Manual 2022, page 3121; CISM Exam Content Outline, Domain 4, Task 4.12; CISM 2020: Incident Management; How to Respond to a Data Breach

 Change management is the process of planning, implementing, and monitoring changes to information systems in a controlled and coordinated manner. Change management proactively minimizes the likelihood of disruption, unauthorized alterations, and errors by ensuring that changes are aligned with the organization’s objectives, policies, and procedures. Change management also involves identifying and mitigating the risks associated with changes, as well as communicating and documenting the changes to all relevant stakeholders12.

References = 1: CISM Review Manual (Digital Version), page 271 2: CISM Review Manual (Print Version), page 271

The first thing an information security manager should do after identifying suspicious activity on a PC that is not in the organization’s IT asset inventory is to determine why the PC is not included in the inventory. This will help to identify the source and scope of the threat, as well as the potential impact and risk to the organization. The IT asset inventory is a list of all the hardware, software, data, and other resources that are owned, controlled, or used by an organization. It helps to establish accountability, visibility, and control over the IT assets, as well as to support security policies and procedures.

If a PC is not included in the inventory, it may indicate that it has been compromised by an unauthorized user or entity, or that it has been moved or transferred without proper authorization. It may also indicate that there are gaps or errors in the inventory management process, such as missing records, duplicate entries, outdated information, or inaccurate classification. These issues can pose significant challenges for information security management, such as:

Lack of visibility into the IT environment and assets

Difficulty in detecting and responding to incidents

Increased risk of data breaches and cyberattacks

Non-compliance with regulatory requirements and standards

Reduced trust and confidence among stakeholders

Therefore, an information security manager should take immediate steps to investigate why the PC is not included in the inventory and take appropriate actions to remediate the situation.

References = CISM Manual, Chapter 6: Incident Response Planning (IRP), Section 6.2: Inventory Management1

1: https://store.isaca.org/s/store#/store/browse/cat/a2D4w00000Ac6NNEAZ/tiles

Performing frequent backups and storing them offline is the best way to reduce the impact of a successful ransomware attack, as this allows the organization to restore its data and systems without paying the ransom or losing valuable information. Purchasing or renewing cyber insurance policies may help cover some of the costs and losses associated with a ransomware attack, but it does not prevent or mitigate the attack itself. Including provisions to pay ransoms in the information security budget may encourage more attacks and does not guarantee the recovery of the data or the removal of the malware. Monitoring the network and providing alerts on intrusions may help detect and respond to a ransomware attack, but it does not reduce the impact of a successful attack that has already encrypted or exfiltrated the data. References = CISM Review Manual 2023, page 1661; CISM Review Questions, Answers & Explanations Manual 2023, page 312; CISM Exam Overview - Vinsys3

= The organizational tolerance to service interruption is the most important consideration when defining a recovery strategy in a business continuity plan (BCP), as it reflects the degree of risk that the organization is willing to accept in the event of a disaster. The organizational tolerance to service interruption determines the acceptable level of downtime, data loss, or disruption that the organization can tolerate, and thus guides the selection of recovery objectives, strategies, and resources. Legal and regulatory requirements are external factors that influence the recovery strategy, but are not the primary consideration. Likelihood of a disaster is a factor that affects the recovery strategy, but is not the most important one. Geographical location of the backup site is a factor that affects the recovery strategy, but is not as critical as organizational tolerance to service interruption. References = CISM Review Manual, 16th Edition, page 1731; CISM Review Questions, Answers & Explanations Manual, 10th Edition, page 792

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Senior leadership needs to understand how Zero Trust supports risk reduction and business needs. Communicating the impact on risk reduction and user experience aligns security initiatives with business goals.

“Communicating how security initiatives support business objectives and risk reduction is critical for gaining senior management support.”

— CISM Review Manual 15th Edition, Chapter 1: Information Security Governance, Section: Business Alignment*

= Patch management is the process of applying updates to software and hardware systems to fix security vulnerabilities and improve functionality. Patch management is one of the best ways to prevent the exploitation of system vulnerabilities, as it reduces the attack surface and closes the gaps that attackers can exploit. Patch management also helps to ensure compliance with security standards and regulations, and maintain the performance and availability of systems.

Intrusion detection is the process of monitoring network or system activities for signs of malicious or unauthorized behavior. Intrusion detection can help to detect and respond to attacks, but it does not prevent them from happening in the first place. Log monitoring is the process of collecting, analyzing and reviewing log files generated by various systems and applications. Log monitoring can help to identify anomalies, errors and security incidents, but it does not prevent them from occurring. Antivirus software is the program that scans files and systems for viruses, malware and other malicious code. Antivirus software can help to protect systems from infection, but it does not prevent the exploitation of system vulnerabilities that are not related to malware.

Therefore, patch management is the best security process to prevent the exploitation of system vulnerabilities, as it addresses the root cause of the problem and reduces the risk of compromise. References = CISM Review Manual, 16th Edition eBook | Digital | English1, Chapter 4: Information Security Program Development and Management, Section 4.3: Information Security Program Resources, Subsection 4.3.1: Information Security Infrastructure and Architecture, Page 204.