PTCE Exam Dumps - Pharmacy Technician Certification (CPhT) Exam

Comprehensive and Detailed Step-by-Step Explanation:

Glipizide (Glucotrol)is asulfonylurea, a class oforal hypoglycemic agentsused intype 2 diabetes. It works by stimulatinginsulin releasefrom the pancreas, which can causelow blood sugar (hypoglycemia)if insulin levels become too high.

Symptoms of Hypoglycemia:

Shakiness, sweating, dizziness

Confusion, irritability, rapid heartbeat

Severe cases: Seizures, unconsciousness

📌Explanation of Answer Choices:✅C. Glipizide→Correct.Causeshypoglycemiaas it increases insulin secretion.❌A. Haloperidol→ Incorrect.Antipsychotic (Haldol), not related to blood sugar regulation.❌B. Gemfibrozil→ Incorrect.Lipid-lowering agent (fibrate), does not causehypoglycemia.❌D. Hydrochlorothiazide→ Incorrect.A diuretic that may cause hyperglycemia (increased blood sugar), not hypoglycemia.

📌Reference:

American Diabetes Association (ADA) Guidelines on Hypoglycemia

USP Drug Classification Database

PTCB Exam: Diabetes Medications & Side Effects

Comprehensive and Detailed Step-by-Step Explanation:

Anear miss(also called aclose call) occurs whenan error is detected and corrected before it reaches the patient.Since the incorrect strength was caught before dispensing, this is classified as a near miss.

📌Explanation of Answer Choices:✅A. Near miss→Correct.The error wasidentified before reaching the patient, preventing harm.❌B. Adverse drug reaction→ Incorrect.An ADR occurs when a patient experiences an unintended effect from a properly administered drug.❌C. Drug allergy→ Incorrect.An allergic reaction involves the immune system (e.g., rash, anaphylaxis), not a dispensing mistake.❌D. Sentinel event→ Incorrect.Sentinel events involve severe patient harm or death (e.g., wrong drug leading to death).

📌Reference:

ISMP Guidelines on Error Reporting

PTCB Exam: Medication Safety & Risk Management

MedWatch is the FDA’s reporting system for adverse drug events, medication errors, and safety concerns.

📌Reference:FDA MedWatch Program.

Cytotoxic agents are drugs that kill or damage cells, particularly rapidly dividing cells. They are primarily used in the treatment of cancer (chemotherapy) because cancer cells multiply quickly. These medications interfere with cell division (mitosis), leading to cell death.

According to Mosby’s Pharmacy Technician: Principles and Practice:

“Cytotoxic drugs are most commonly used in oncology. Their use requires special handling and storage protocols to protect healthcare workers and patients.”

Additional Notes:

Diabetes treatments involve insulin or oral antidiabetics, not cytotoxics.

Rosacea and allergies are treated with antimicrobials and antihistamines/steroids, respectively.

Risedronate (Actonel)is abisphosphonateused to treat osteoporosis.

Bisphosphonates can causesevere esophagitis and esophageal ulcersif not taken properly.

Patients must take the medication witha full glass of waterand remainupright for at least 30 minutesafter administration to reduce esophageal irritation.

Other medications in the options:

Ropinirole: A dopamine agonist for Parkinson’s disease; no such requirement.

Repaglinide: A meglitinide for diabetes; no such requirement.

Rifampin: An antibiotic for tuberculosis; no such requirement.

📌Reference:PTCE study materials; drug administration guidelines forbisphosphonates.

Vaccines come in different strengths for adults and children, and mix-ups can lead to underdosing or overdosing.

Storing pediatric and adult vaccines separately within the refrigerator reduces the risk of errors.

Example:PediatricCOVID-19 vaccines (lower dose) and adult doses look similar but have different concentrations.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. Repackaging?❌Against CDC and USP <797> guidelines, which require vaccines to remain in their original packaging.

B. Ordering from different manufacturers?❌Not practical; most pharmacies use a single supplier for consistency.

D. Automated dispensing systems?❌Not always available for vaccines.

📌Reference:CDC Vaccine Storage & Handling Guidelines, ISMP Vaccine Safety Best Practices.

NTI drugs have small differences between effective and toxic doses.

Examples:Warfarin, Digoxin, Lithium, Theophylline.

Requires close monitoring (lab tests, dose adjustments).

📌Reference:FDA NTI Drug List, PTCB Medication Safety Guidelines.

The axilla refers to the underarm area. Clobetasol is a high-potency corticosteroid, and such steroids are not recommended for use on thin-skinned areas like the face, groin, or underarms (axilla) due to risk of increased absorption and adverse effects like skin atrophy.

Mosby’s Pharmacy Technician: Principles and Practice explains:

“High-potency corticosteroids should not be applied to intertriginous areas such as the axilla, groin, or face due to increased absorption and systemic risk.”