312-50v13 Exam Dumps - Certified Ethical Hacker Exam (CEHv13)

Adversaries could decide to build an possible or file difficult to find or analyze by encrypting, encoding, or otherwise obfuscating its contents on the system or in transit. this is often common behavior which will be used across totally different platforms and therefore the network to evade defenses.

Payloads may be compressed, archived, or encrypted so as to avoid detection. These payloads may be used throughout Initial Access or later to mitigate detection. typically a user’s action could also be needed to open and Deobfuscate/Decode Files or info for User Execution. The user can also be needed to input a parole to open a parole protected compressed/encrypted file that was provided by the mortal. Adversaries can also used compressed or archived scripts, like JavaScript.

Portions of files can even be encoded to cover the plain-text strings that will otherwise facilitate defenders with discovery. Payloads can also be split into separate, ostensibly benign files that solely reveal malicious practicality once reassembled.

Adversaries can also modify commands dead from payloads or directly via a Command and Scripting Interpreter. surroundings variables, aliases, characters, and different platform/language specific linguistics may be wont to evade signature based mostly detections and application management mechanisms.

Non-repudiation is the assurance that someone cannot deny the validity of something. Non-repudiation is a legal concept that is widely used in information security and refers to a service, which provides proof of the origin of data and the integrity of the data. In other words, non-repudiation makes it very difficult to successfully deny who/where a message came from as well as the authenticity and integrity of that message.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

The correct nslookup syntax to perform a zone transfer is:

ls -d domain_name

So, from the nslookup prompt:

server 192.168.10.2

ls -d abccorp.local

This will attempt to list all DNS records for the abccorp.local domain from the specified server, if zone transfers are permitted.

From CEH v13 Courseware:

Module 4: Enumeration → DNS Zone Transfers

To secure DNS infrastructure, best practices include:

B. Harden DNS Servers: Disable unused services, apply patches, implement secure configurations.

C. Use Split-Horizon DNS: Present different DNS data to internal vs. external users to prevent data leakage.

D. Restrict Zone Transfers: Prevent unauthorized replication of zone data using IP-based access control or TSIG.

E. Subnet Diversity: Place DNS servers on different subnets or networks to enhance resilience.

From CEH v13 Official Courseware:

Module 3: Scanning Networks

Module 20: Cryptography

Incorrect Option:

A: Hosting DNS on multi-purpose servers increases the attack surface and violates security best practices.

In CEH v13 Module 12: Hacking Web Applications, Burp Suite is introduced as a powerful proxy-based tool used for intercepting, modifying, and analyzing HTTP/S traffic between a client and a web application.

Key Features of Burp Suite:

Captures all HTTP requests and responses.

Allows for manual testing of input parameters, headers, and cookies.

Includes tools such as Intruder, Repeater, Scanner, and Decoder.

Helps detect vulnerabilities such as XSS, SQLi, CSRF, and insecure session handling.

Option Review:

A. Maskgen: Used for generating masks, not a web proxy.

B. Dimitry: A footprinting tool, not used for request/response testing.

C. Burpsuite: Correct. Designed for web application vulnerability analysis.

D. Proxychains: Used to chain proxies for anonymity, not for HTTP traffic analysis.

Twofish is an encryption algorithm designed by Bruce Schneier. It’s a symmetric key block cipher with a block size of 128 bits, with keys up to 256 bits. it’s associated with AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) and an earlier block cipher called Blowfish. Twofish was actually a finalist to become the industry standard for encryption, but was ultimately beaten out by the present AES.

Twofish has some distinctive features that set it aside from most other cryptographic protocols. For one, it uses pre-computed, key-dependent S-boxes. An S-box (substitution-box) may be a basic component of any symmetric key algorithm which performs substitution. within the context of Twofish’s block cipher, the S-box works to obscure the connection of the key to the ciphertext. Twofish uses a pre-computed, key-dependent S-box which suggests that the S-box is already provided, but depends on the cipher key to decrypt the knowledge .

How Secure is Twofish?

Twofish is seen as a really secure option as far as encryption protocols go. one among the explanations that it wasn’t selected because the advanced encryption standard is thanks to its slower speed. Any encryption standard that uses a 128-bit or higher key, is theoretically safe from brute force attacks. Twofish is during this category.

Because Twofish uses “pre-computed key-dependent S-boxes”, it are often susceptible to side channel attacks. this is often thanks to the tables being pre-computed. However, making these tables key-dependent helps mitigate that risk. There are a couple of attacks on Twofish, but consistent with its creator, Bruce Schneier, it didn’t constitute a real cryptanalysis. These attacks didn’t constitue a practical break within the cipher.

Products That Use Twofish

GnuPG: GnuPG may be a complete and free implementation of the OpenPGP standard as defined by RFC4880 (also referred to as PGP). GnuPG allows you to encrypt and sign your data and communications; it features a flexible key management system, along side access modules for all types of public key directories.

KeePass: KeePass may be a password management tool that generates passwords with top-notch security. It’s a free, open source, lightweight and easy-to-use password manager with many extensions and plugins.

Password Safe: Password Safe uses one master password to stay all of your passwords protected, almost like the functionality of most of the password managers on this list. It allows you to store all of your passwords during a single password database, or multiple databases for various purposes. Creating a database is straightforward , just create the database, set your master password.

PGP (Pretty Good Privacy): PGP is employed mostly for email encryption, it encrypts the content of the e-mail . However, Pretty Good Privacy doesn’t encrypt the topic and sender of the e-mail , so make certain to never put sensitive information in these fields when using PGP.

TrueCrypt: TrueCrypt may be a software program that encrypts and protects files on your devices. With TrueCrypt the encryption is transparent to the user and is completed locally at the user’s computer. this suggests you’ll store a TrueCrypt file on a server and TrueCrypt will encrypt that file before it’s sent over the network.

The scenario describes a decentralized cryptographic trust model where each user maintains a ring or database of public keys, and communications are encrypted using the recipient’s public key. This aligns precisely with the Web of Trust (WOT) model.

According to the CEH v13 Official Courseware:

Web of Trust (WOT) is a decentralized trust model used primarily in PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) environments.

In WOT:

Each user maintains a local keyring of trusted public keys.

There is no central Certificate Authority (CA).

Trust is built based on mutual verification and endorsement of public keys among users.

It uses asymmetric cryptography: messages are encrypted using the receiver's public key and decrypted using the corresponding private key.

This model provides authentication (via digital signatures) and message integrity (via cryptographic hash functions).

Incorrect Options:

A. Zero Trust Network is a security architecture that enforces strict access control but is not a cryptographic trust model.

B. TLS (Transport Layer Security) is a protocol for securing data in transit, commonly used in HTTPS, and relies on the PKI trust model (not WOT).

C. SSL (Secure Socket Layer) is an outdated version of TLS, also based on centralized certificate authorities.

Reference – CEH v13 Official Courseware:

Module 20: Cryptography

Section: “Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and Trust Models”

Subsection: “Web of Trust (WOT) Model”

Study Guide Table: Comparison of Trust Models – PKI vs WOT vs Hybrid

Lab references in CEH Engage may also cover key signing and verifying concepts in decentralized environments.

In CEH v13 Module 01: Information Security Fundamentals, the types of threat intelligence are categorized as Strategic, Tactical, Operational, and Technical, each serving different security roles.

Tactical Threat Intelligence – Correct Answer

Definition: Provides information in a machine-readable format such as indicators of compromise (IOCs) — including IP addresses, file hashes, URLs, domains, and signatures.

Purpose: Used to update security appliances like firewalls, IDS/IPS, endpoint protection to automatically detect and block threats in real-time.

Roma used threat intelligence in this exact way — automating detection and blocking via security tools.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. Technical Threat Intelligence: Often overlaps with tactical but usually refers to low-level indicators used for internal analysis, not device-ready feeds.

B. Operational Threat Intelligence: Focuses on specific campaigns, attacker TTPs, and is generally not automated or directly used in security appliances.

D. Strategic Threat Intelligence: High-level, non-technical insights for executives and decision-makers — used for long-term planning, not immediate threat blocking.