312-50v13 Exam Dumps - Certified Ethical Hacker Exam (CEHv13)

Triple DES is another mode of DES operation. It takes three 64-bit keys, for an overall key length of 192 bits. In Stealth, you merely type within the entire 192-bit (24 character) key instead of entering each of the three keys individually. The Triple DES DLL then breaks the user-provided key into three subkeys, padding the keys if necessary in order that they are each 64 bits long. The procedure for encryption is strictly an equivalent as regular DES, but it’s repeated 3 times , hence the name Triple DES. the info is encrypted with the primary key, decrypted with the second key, and eventually encrypted again with the third key.

Triple DES runs 3 times slower than DES, but is far safer if used properly. The procedure for decrypting something is that the same because the procedure for encryption, except it’s executed in reverse. Like DES, data is encrypted and decrypted in 64-bit chunks. Although the input key for DES is 64 bits long, the particular key employed by DES is merely 56 bits long . the smallest amount significant (right-most) bit in each byte may be a parity , and will be set in order that there are always an odd number of 1s in every byte. These parity bits are ignored, so only the seven most vital bits of every byte are used, leading to a key length of 56 bits. this suggests that the effective key strength for Triple DES is really 168 bits because each of the three keys contains 8 parity bits that aren’t used during the encryption process.

Triple DES Modes

Triple ECB (Electronic Code Book)

• This variant of Triple DES works precisely the same way because the ECB mode of DES.

• this is often the foremost commonly used mode of operation.

Triple CBC (Cipher Block Chaining)

• This method is extremely almost like the quality DES CBC mode.

• like Triple ECB, the effective key length is 168 bits and keys are utilized in an equivalent manner, as described above, but the chaining features of CBC mode also are employed.

• the primary 64-bit key acts because the Initialization Vector to DES.

• Triple ECB is then executed for one 64-bit block of plaintext.

• The resulting ciphertext is then XORed with subsequent plaintext block to be encrypted, and therefore the procedure is repeated.

• This method adds an additional layer of security to Triple DES and is therefore safer than Triple ECB, although it’s not used as widely as Triple ECB.

Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) may be a security protocol, laid out in the IEEE wireless local area network (Wi-Fi) standard, 802.11b, that’s designed to supply a wireless local area network (WLAN) with A level of security and privacy like what’s usually expected of a wired LAN. A wired local area network (LAN) is usually protected by physical security mechanisms (controlled access to a building, for example) that are effective for a controlled physical environment, but could also be ineffective for WLANs because radio waves aren’t necessarily bound by the walls containing the network. WEP seeks to determine similar protection thereto offered by the wired network’s physical security measures by encrypting data transmitted over the WLAN. encoding protects the vulnerable wireless link between clients and access points; once this measure has been taken, other typical LAN security mechanisms like password protection, end-to-end encryption, virtual private networks (VPNs), and authentication are often put in situ to make sure privacy.

A research group from the University of California at Berkeley recently published a report citing “major security flaws” in WEP that left WLANs using the protocol susceptible to attacks (called wireless equivalent privacy attacks). within the course of the group’s examination of the technology, they were ready to intercept and modify transmissions and gain access to restricted networks. The Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance (WECA) claims that WEP – which is included in many networking products – was never intended to be the only security mechanism for a WLAN, and that, in conjunction with traditional security practices, it’s very effective.

Shoulder surfing is a social engineering technique that involves looking over someone’s shoulder to observe sensitive information, such as passwords, PINs, or credit card numbers, that they enter on their computer, phone, or ATM. It is the least likely method of social engineering to yield beneficial information based on the data collected by Maltego, because it requires physical proximity and access to the target’s devices, which may not be feasible or safe for the hacker. Moreover, shoulder surfing does not leverage the information obtained by Maltego, such as domains, DNS names, Netblocks, or IP addresses, which are more relevant for network-based attacks.

The other options are more likely to yield beneficial information based on the data collected by Maltego, because they involve exploiting the target’s trust, curiosity, or negligence, and using the information obtained by Maltego to craft convincing scenarios or messages. Impersonating an ISP technical support agent to trick the target into providing further network details is a form of pretexting, where the hacker creates a false identity and scenario to obtain information or access from the target. Dumpster diving in the target company’s trash bins for valuable printouts is a technique that relies on the target’s negligence or lack of proper disposal of sensitive documents, such as network diagrams, passwords, or confidential reports. Eavesdropping on internal corporate conversations to understand key topics is a technique that exploits the target’s curiosity or lack of awareness, and allows the hacker to gather information about the target’s projects, plans, or problems, which can be used for further attacks or extortion. References:

Social Engineering: Definition & 5 Attack Types

How to Use Maltego Transforms to Map Network Infrastructure: An In-Depth Guide

Social engineering: Definition, examples, and techniques

If SNMP access is restricted to specific IP addresses (e.g., 192.168.1.0/24), you can bypass access controls by:

Spoofing the source IP to fall within that allowed range.

Using a SNMP set request to instruct the device (e.g., to copy its configuration to a TFTP server).

This is a classic SNMP spoofing attack.

From CEH v13 Courseware:

Module 4: Enumeration → SNMP Enumeration Attacks

The SOA (Start of Authority) record contains key DNS parameters, including TTL (Time To Live). The components of an SOA record are in this order:

(domain) IN SOA (Primary Name Server) (Responsible party) (Serial) (Refresh) (Retry) (Expire) (Minimum TTL)

Given:

Rutgers.edu. SOA NS1.Rutgers.edu ipad.college.edu (200302028 3600 3600 604800 2400.)

Field breakdown:

Serial: 200302028

Refresh: 3600 seconds

Retry: 3600 seconds

Expire: 604800 seconds

Minimum TTL: 2400 seconds ← This is the TTL value

From CEH v13 Courseware:

Module 3: Scanning Networks

Topic: DNS Enumeration and Zone Transfers

Subsection: Understanding DNS Records

CEH v13 Study Guide states:

“In an SOA record, the last value is the Minimum TTL — the amount of time other DNS servers should cache resource records for the zone.”

Incorrect Options:

A: Serial number

B: Refresh interval

C: Expiry interval

E/F: Arbitrary, not part of the SOA shown

PHI stands for Protected Health info. The HIPAA Privacy Rule provides federal protections for private health info held by lined entities and provides patients an array of rights with regard to that info. under HIPAA phi is considered to be any identifiable health info that’s used, maintained, stored, or transmitted by a HIPAA-covered entity – a healthcare provider, health plan or health insurer, or a aid clearinghouse – or a business associate of a HIPAA-covered entity, in relation to the availability of aid or payment for aid services.

It is not only past and current medical info that’s considered letter under HIPAA Rules, however also future info concerning medical conditions or physical and mental health related to the provision of care or payment for care. phi is health info in any kind, together with physical records, electronic records, or spoken info.

Therefore, letter includes health records, medical histories, lab check results, and medical bills. basically, all health info is considered letter once it includes individual identifiers. Demographic info is additionally thought of phi underneath HIPAA Rules, as square measure several common identifiers like patient names, Social Security numbers, Driver’s license numbers, insurance details, and birth dates, once they square measure connected with health info.

The eighteen identifiers that create health info letter are:

Names

Dates, except year

phonephone numbers

Geographic information

FAX numbers

Social Security numbers

Email addresses

case history numbers

Account numbers

Health arrange beneficiary numbers

Certificate/license numbers

Vehicle identifiers and serial numbers together with license plates

Web URLs

Device identifiers and serial numbers

net protocol addresses

Full face photos and comparable pictures

Biometric identifiers (i.e. retinal scan, fingerprints)

Any distinctive identifying variety or code

One or a lot of of those identifiers turns health info into letter, and phi HIPAA Privacy Rule restrictions can then apply that limit uses and disclosures of the data. HIPAA lined entities and their business associates will ought to guarantee applicable technical, physical, and body safeguards are enforced to make sure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of phi as stipulated within the HIPAA Security Rule.

Employing a tool like Sublist3r, which is designed to enumerate the subdomains of websites using OSINT, would be the most effective method to accomplish this goal. This option works as follows:

Sublist3r is a python tool designed to enumerate subdomains of websites using OSINT (Open Source Intelligence). It helps penetration testers and bug hunters collect and gather subdomains for the domain they are targeting. Sublist3r enumerates subdomains using many search engines such as Google, Yahoo, Bing, Baidu, and Ask. Sublist3r also enumerates subdomains using Netcraft, Virustotal, ThreatCrowd, DNSdumpster, and ReverseDNS. Subbrute was integrated with Sublist3r to increase the possibility of finding more subdomains using bruteforce with an improved wordlist1.

By using Sublist3r, the tester can quickly and efficiently discover the subdomains of the target organization’s website, which can provide valuable information about the network structure, the services offered, the potential vulnerabilities, and the attack surface. Sublist3r can also be used to perform passive reconnaissance, which does not send any packets to the target domain, and thus avoids detection by the target organization12.

The other options are not as effective as option A for the following reasons:

B. Analyzing Linkedin profiles to find employees of the target company and their job titles: This option is not relevant because it does not address the subdomain enumeration task, but the social engineering task. Linkedin is a social networking platform that allows users to create and share their professional profiles, which may include their name, job title, company, skills, education, and contacts. By analyzing Linkedin profiles, the tester may be able to find employees of the target company and their job titles, which can be useful for crafting phishing emails, impersonating employees, or exploiting human weaknesses. However, this option does not help to discover the subdomains of the target organization’s website, which is the goal of this scenario3.

C. Utilizing the Harvester tool to extract email addresses related to the target domain using a search engine like Google or Bing: This option is not sufficient because it does not provide a comprehensive list of subdomains, but only a partial list based on email addresses. The Harvester is a tool that can extract email addresses, subdomains, hosts, employee names, open ports, and banners from different public sources, such as search engines, PGP key servers, and SHODAN computer database. By using the Harvester, the tester may be able to extract some email addresses related to the target domain, which can reveal some subdomains, such as mail.target.com or support.target.com. However, this option does not guarantee to find all the subdomains of the target organization’s website, as some subdomains may not have any email addresses associated with them, or may not be indexed by the search engines4.

D. Using a people search service, such as Spokeo or Intelius, to gather information about the employees of the target organization: This option is not applicable because it does not address the subdomain enumeration task, but the personal information gathering task. Spokeo and Intelius are people search services that can provide various information about individuals, such as their name, address, phone number, email, social media, criminal records, and financial history. By using these services, the tester may be able to gather information about the employees of the target organization, which can be useful for performing background checks, identity theft, or blackmail. However, this option does not help to discover the subdomains of the target organization’s website, which is the goal of this scenario56.

In CEH v13 Module 01: Introduction to Ethical Hacking, Business Impact Analysis (BIA) is defined as a core component of the risk management process that helps identify and evaluate critical business functions, their dependencies, and the impact of downtime.

BIA is performed to:

Identify critical services and resources.

Determine the impact of their failure.

Define Recovery Time Objectives (RTO) and Recovery Point Objectives (RPO).

Prioritize systems for business continuity planning.

Option Clarification:

A. EPR: Emergency Plan Response – not a formal phase in BIA or risk analysis.

C. Risk Mitigation: Involves taking actions to reduce risks, but doesn't identify business-critical services.

D. DRP: Disaster Recovery Planning focuses on restoration, not impact assessment.