CISM Exam Dumps - Certified Information Security Manager

A gap analysis identifies the differences between current practices and the new regulatory requirements, ensuring targeted and effective policy updates.

“Performing a gap analysis is critical to identify the areas where the current policy falls short of new regulatory requirements.”

— CISM Review Manual 15th Edition, Chapter 1: Information Security Governance, Section: Compliance*

ISACA practice questions confirm that a gap analysis is the foundational step before engaging stakeholders or updating policies.

Influencing human behavior is the primary benefit of an information security awareness training program because it helps to reduce the human errors and vulnerabilities that can compromise the security of data and systems. An information security awareness training program is a process or a program that informs and empowers users to protect data and computing assets from security risks and cyberattacks. It includes educational offerings that cover regulatory requirements, compliance policies, and safe computing practices. An information security awareness training program helps to influence human behavior by raising awareness of the security threats and challenges, enhancing knowledge and skills of the security best practices and controls, and fostering a positive security culture and attitude among the users. By influencing human behavior, an information security awareness training program can improve the security posture and performance of the organization, as well as prevent or mitigate the impact of security incidents. Therefore, influencing human behavior is the correct answer.

The business owner is the most appropriate person to own the risk associated with the failure of a privileged access control because they are ultimately responsible for the protection and use of the information in their business unit1. The data owner is responsible for determining the access rights for specific data sets, but not for the access control mechanisms2. The information security manager is responsible for implementing and enforcing the security policies and standards, but not for owning the risk3. The compliance manager is responsible for ensuring that the organization meets the regulatory requirements, but not for owning the risk3. References: 1 https://www.cyberark.com/resources/blog/how-do-you-prioritize-risk-for-privileged-access-management 3 https://www.isaca.org/resources/isaca-journal/issues/2017/volume-1/capability-framework-for-privileged-access-management 2 https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/218049/what-is-the-difference-between-data-owner-data-custodian-and-system-owner

The most important issue in a penetration test is having a defined goal as well as success and failure criteria. A penetration test is a simulated cyber attack against a computer system or an application to check for exploitable vulnerabilities. The goal of a penetration test is to identify and evaluate the security risks and weaknesses of the target system or application, and to provide recommendations for improvement. The success and failure criteria of a penetration test are the metrics and indicators that measure the effectiveness and efficiency of the test, and the extent to which the test achieves its goal. By having a defined goal as well as success and failure criteria, the penetration tester can plan and execute the test in a systematic and structured manner, and can communicate and report the results and findings in a clear and concise way. The other options are not the most important issue in a penetration test, although they may be some factors or considerations that affect the test. Having an independent group perform the test is a desirable practice, as it can provide an unbiased and objective assessment of the target system or application. However, it is not essential, as long as the penetration tester follows ethical hacking principles and standards. Obtaining permission from audit is a mandatory requirement, as it ensures that the penetration test is authorized and compliant with the organization’s policies and regulations. However, it is not an issue, as it is a prerequisite for conducting the test. Performing the test without the benefit of any insider knowledge is an optional approach, as it simulates a real-world attack by an external hacker who does not have access to the internal design or configuration of the target system or application. However, it is not always feasible or effective, as some vulnerabilities may be hidden or inaccessible from an outsider’s perspective.

The most concerning issue for the information security steering committee should be that no owners were identified for some risks in the risk register. This means that there is no clear accountability and responsibility for managing and mitigating those risks, and that the risks may not be properly addressed or monitored. The risk owners are the persons who have the authority and ability to implement the risk treatment options and to accept the residual risk. The risk owners should be identified and assigned for each risk in the risk register, and they should report the status and progress of the risk management activities to the information security steering committee.

References = CISM Review Manual, 16th Edition eBook1, Chapter 2: Information Risk Management, Section: Risk Management, Subsection: Risk Register, Page 104.