CMMC-CCP Exam Dumps - Certified CMMC Professional (CCP) Exam

The Lead Assessor is responsible for protecting and maintaining all assessment records, notes, and information gathered during the assessment process. This includes working papers and supplemental documentation that may be needed for auditability or dispute resolution.

Supporting Extracts from Official Content:

CAP v2.0, Post-Assessment Responsibilities (§3.17): “The Lead Assessor must ensure that all assessment artifacts, notes, and information are archived or disposed of in accordance with C3PAO policy.”

Why Option A is Correct:

The CAP specifies that notes and information from the assessment must be preserved or disposed of according to policy.

Options B, C, and D list items not required in the CAP. The “letter” and “quality control report” are not part of the Lead Assessor’s required maintained materials.

References (Official CMMC v2.0 Content):

CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) v2.0, Phase 3 Post-Assessment (§3.17).

===========

Under theCMMC Assessment Process (CAP)andCMMC 2.0 guidelines, assessors must gather objective evidence to validate that an organization meets the required security practices and processes. This evidence collection is performed throughthree primary assessment methods:

Examination– Reviewing documents, records, system configurations, and other artifacts.

Interviews– Speaking with personnel to verify processes, responsibilities, and understanding of security controls.

Testing– Observing system behavior, performing technical validation, and executing controls in real-time to verify effectiveness.

TheCMMC Assessment Process (CAP)states that an assessor must use acombinationof evidence-gathering methods (examinations, interviews, and tests) to determine compliance.

CMMC 2.0 Level 2(Aligned withNIST SP 800-171) requires assessors to verify not only that policies and procedures exist but also that they are implemented and effective.

Solely relying ononemethod (like interviews in Option A) is insufficient.

Testing all practices or objectives (Option B)is unnecessary, as assessors followscoping guidanceto determine which objectives need deeper examination.

Testing only "certain" objectives (Option C)does not fully align with the requirement of gatheringsufficient evidencefrom multiple methods.

CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide, Section 3.5 – Assessment Methodsexplicitly defines the use of examinations, interviews, and tests as the foundation of an effective assessment.

CMMC 2.0 Level 2 Practices and NIST SP 800-171require assessors to validate the presence, implementation, and effectiveness of security controls.

CMMC Appendix E: Assessment Proceduresstates that an assessor should use multiple sources of evidence to determine compliance.

Why Option D is CorrectCMMC 2.0 and Official Documentation ReferencesFinal VerificationTo ensure compliance withCMMC 2.0 guidelines and official documentation, an assessor must useexaminations, interviews, and teststo gather evidence effectively, makingOption D the correct answer.

Level 1 only addresses the protection of Federal Contract Information (FCI) and does not include requirements for safeguarding Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI).

Level 2 is explicitly designed to protect Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI). It requires implementation of all 110 security requirements from NIST SP 800-171 Rev. 2, which directly support the safeguarding of CUI and help prevent its unauthorized disclosure or exfiltration.

Level 3 builds on Level 2 by including a subset of requirements from NIST SP 800-172. These additional practices are designed to enhance the protection of CUI against advanced persistent threats (APTs), further strengthening defenses against exfiltration.

Therefore, the levels that focus on protecting CUI from exfiltration are Levels 2 and 3.

Reference Documents:

CMMC Model v2.0 Overview (DoD, December 2021)

NIST SP 800-171 Rev. 2, Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information in Nonfederal Systems and Organizations

NIST SP 800-172, Enhanced Security Requirements for Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information

According to the CMMC Assessment Process (CAP), the Lead Assessor must use the CMMC Findings Brief to formally present assessment results to the Organization Seeking Certification (OSC). The Findings Brief ensures consistency across assessments and provides the OSC with an official, standardized presentation of results, including observed strengths, weaknesses, and any non-conformities.

Other options are incorrect because:

POA&M Brief is not part of the official CAP presentation.

CMMC Assessment Tracker Tool is an internal tool used by assessors, not for presentation to the OSC.

Recommended Findings template is not a recognized deliverable in CAP.

Reference Documents:

CMMC Assessment Process (CAP), v1.0

Understanding the Principle of Least Functionality in the CM DomainTheConfiguration Management (CM) domainin CMMC 2.0 focuses on maintaining the security and integrity of an organization’s systems through controlled configurations and restrictions on system capabilities.

The principle ofLeast Functionalityrefers to limiting a system’s features, services, and applications to only those necessary for its intended purpose. This principle reduces the attack surface by minimizing unnecessary components that could be exploited by attackers.

CMMC Practice CM.L2-3.4.6 (Use Least Functionality)explicitly states:"Employ the principle of least functionality by configuring organizational systems to provide only essential capabilities."

Thegoalis to prevent unauthorized or unnecessary applications, services, and ports from running on the system.

Examples of Implementation:

Disabling unnecessary services, such as remote desktop access if not required.

Restricting software installation to approved applications.

Blocking unused network ports and protocols.

A. Least Privilege

This principle (associated with Access Control) ensures that users and processes have only the minimum level of access necessary to perform their jobs.

It is relevant to CMMC PracticeAC.L2-3.1.5 (Least Privilege)but does not define system capabilities.

B. Essential Concern

There is no officially recognized cybersecurity principle called "Essential Concern" in CMMC, NIST, or related frameworks.

D. Separation of Duties

This principle (covered under CMMCAC.L2-3.1.4) ensures that no single individual has unchecked control over critical functions, reducing the risk of fraud or abuse.

While important for security, it does not define essential system capabilities.

CMMC 2.0 Level 2 Assessment Guide – Configuration Management (CM) Domain

CM.L2-3.4.6 mandatesleast functionalityto enhance security by removing unnecessary features.

NIST SP 800-171 (which CMMC is based on) – Requirement 3.4.6

States:"Limit system functionality to only the essential capabilities required for organizational missions or business functions."

NIST SP 800-53 – Control CM-7 (Least Functionality)

Provides detailed recommendations on configuring systems to operate with only necessary features.

Justification for the Correct Answer: Least Functionality (C)Why Other Options Are IncorrectOfficial CMMC and NIST ReferencesConclusionTheprinciple of Least Functionality (C)is the basis for defining essential system capabilities in theConfiguration Management (CM) domainof CMMC 2.0. By applying this principle, organizations reduce security risks by ensuring that only the necessary functions, services, and applications are enabled.

Scoping Requirements in CMMC AssessmentsTheCMMC 2.0 Scoping GuideandCMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Documentclearly define what should be included in the scope of an assessment.

The assessment scope must cover:

All assets that process, store, or transmit FCI/CUI

Security Protection Assets (ESP)– these assets help protect FCI/CUI, such as firewalls, endpoint detection systems, and encryption mechanisms.

Thus, thecorrect scope includes both:

✅FCI/CUI Assets(Data storage, processing, or transmission assets)

✅Security Protection Assets (ESP)(Firewalls, security tools, etc.)

A. All assets documented in the business plan❌Incorrect.Business plans may include assets unrelated to FCI/CUI, making this scopetoo broad. Only assets relevant to FCI/CUI should be assessed.

B. All assets regardless if they do or do not process, store, or transmit FCI/CUI❌Incorrect. CMMC doesnotrequire organizations to include assets thathave no connection to FCI/CUI.

C. All entities, regardless of the line of business, associated with the organization❌Incorrect.Only the assets relevant to FCI/CUI or security protection should be assessed. Unrelated business divisions (like a non-federal commercial division) areout-of-scope.

Why the Other Answers Are Incorrect

CMMC 2.0 Scoping Guide – Level 1 & Level 2

CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Document

CMMC Official ReferencesThus,option D (All assets processing, storing, or transmitting FCI/CUI and security protection assets) is the correct answeras per official CMMC assessment scoping requirements.

Understanding the “Verify Evidence and Record Gaps” Activity in a CMMC AssessmentDuring aCMMC Level 2 Assessment, theAssessment Teamfollows a structured methodology toverify evidenceand determine whether theOrganization Seeking Certification (OSC)has met all required practices. One of the key activities in this process is"Verify Evidence and Record Gaps", which ensures that the assessment findings accurately reflect any missing or inadequate compliance evidence.

Step-by-Step Breakdown:✅1. Primary Intent: Identifying Gaps Between Required and Collected Evidence

TheAssessment Teamcompares the evidence provided by the OSC against theCMMC practice requirements.

If evidence ismissing, insufficient, or inconsistent, assessors mustdocument the gapand describe what is lacking.

This ensures that compliance deficiencies are clearly identified, allowing the OSC to understand what must be corrected.

✅2. How This Process Works in a CMMC Assessment

Assessorsreview collected documentation, system configurations, policies, and interview responses.

They verify that the evidencematches the expected implementationof a practice.

If gaps exist, they arerecordedfor discussion and potential remediation before assessment completion.

✅3. Why the Other Answer Choices Are Incorrect:

(A) Map test and demonstration responses to CMMC practices.❌

Incorrect:While mapping evidence to CMMC practices is part of the assessment, theprimary intentof the "Verify Evidence and Record Gaps" step is toidentify deficiencies, not just mapping responses.

(B) Conduct interviews to test process implementation knowledge.❌

Incorrect:Interviews are a method used during evidence collection, but they arenot the primary focusof the verification and gap analysis step.

(C) Determine the one-to-one relationship between a practice and an assessment object.❌

Incorrect:The assessment teamreviews multiple sources of evidencefor each practice, and some practices require multiple assessment objects. The goal isnot a strict one-to-one mappingbut rathera holistic validation of compliance.

Final Validation from CMMC Documentation:TheCMMC Assessment Process Guidestates that"Verify Evidence and Record Gaps"is the step where assessorscompare expected evidence against what has been provided and document discrepancies. This ensurestransparent assessment findings and remediation planning.

Thus, the correct answer is:

D. Identify and describe differences between what the Assessment Team required and the evidence collected.

UnderCMMC 2.0 Level 2, which aligns with the requirements ofNIST SP 800-171, maintaining robust control overnonlocal maintenance sessionsis critical. While multifactor authentication (MFA) is a required safeguard for secure access, additional measures must be implemented to fully meet the maintenance requirements as outlined inControl 3.3.5:

Key Requirements for Nonlocal Maintenance:

Termination of Nonlocal Maintenance Sessions:

To reduce the attack surface and prevent unauthorized access, nonlocal maintenance connectionsmust be terminated immediately after the maintenance activity is completed. This is a direct requirement to mitigate risks associated with lingering remote sessions that could be exploited by threat actors.

Supporting Reference:NIST SP 800-171, Control 3.3.5 states: "Ensure that remote maintenance is conducted in a controlled manner and disable connections immediately after use."

Multifactor Authentication (MFA):

OSCs are required to implement MFA for nonlocal remote maintenance sessions. MFA must includeat least two factors(e.g., something you know, something you have, or something you are).

While the OSC’s use of MFA satisfies part of the requirement, it does not complete the control unless proper termination procedures are in place.

Policy and Procedure Adherence:

The OSC must also document amaintenance policyand ensure it reflects the need for terminating connections post-maintenance. The policy should outline roles, responsibilities, and steps for ensuring secure nonlocal maintenance practices.

Incorrect Options:

B. Unlimited connections:Allowing unrestricted nonlocal maintenance sessions is a significant security risk and violates the principle of least privilege.

C. Removing restrictions:Removing restrictions for convenience directly undermines compliance and security.

D. Multifactor authentication details:While MFA is necessary, the question states the OSC already uses it. Termination of sessions is the missing requirement.

Conclusion:

The requirement toterminate nonlocal maintenance sessions after maintenance is complete(Option A) is critical for compliance withCMMC 2.0 Level 2andNIST SP 800-171, Control 3.3.5. This ensures that nonlocal maintenance activities are secured against unauthorized access and potential vulnerabilities.