312-50v13 Exam Dumps - Certified Ethical Hacker Exam (CEHv13)

A TCP/IP hijack is an attack that spoofs a server into thinking it’s talking with a sound client, once actually it’s communication with an assaulter that has condemned (or hijacked) the tcp session. Assume that the client has administrator-level privileges, which the attacker needs to steal that authority so as to form a brand new account with root-level access of the server to be used afterward. A tcp Hijacking is sort of a two-phased man-in-the-middle attack. The man-in-the-middle assaulter lurks within the circuit between a shopper and a server so as to work out what port and sequence numbers are being employed for the conversation.

First, the attacker knocks out the client with an attack, like Ping of Death, or ties it up with some reasonably ICMP storm. This renders the client unable to transmit any packets to the server. Then, with the client crashed, the attacker assumes the client’s identity so as to talk with the server. By this suggests, the attacker gains administrator-level access to the server.

One of the most effective means of preventing a hijack attack is to want a secret, that’s a shared secret between the shopper and also the server. looking on the strength of security desired, the key may be used for random exchanges. this is often once a client and server periodically challenge each other, or it will occur with each exchange, like Kerberos.

Vulnerability-Management Life Cycle The vulnerability management life cycle is an important process that helps identify and remediate security weaknesses before they can be exploited. 4.Remediation - applying fixes on vulnerable systems in order to reduce the impact and severity of vulnerabilities. (P.515/499)

The ethical hacker conducted Test 1, which is a TCP/IP stack fingerprinting technique that uses the SYN and ECN-Echo flags to determine the OS of the target system. The SYN flag is used to initiate a TCP connection, and the ECN-Echo flag is used to indicate that the sender supports Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN), which is a mechanism to reduce network congestion. Different OSes have different implementations and responses to these flags, which can reveal their identity. For example, Windows XP and 2000 will reply with SYN and ECN-Echo flags set, while Linux will reply with only SYN flag set. By sending a TCP packet with these flags enabled to an open TCP port and observing the reply, the ethical hacker can probe the nature of the response and subsequently determine the OS fingerprint.

The ethical hacker adopted this specific approach because it is an advanced and stealthy technique that can evade some firewalls and intrusion detection systems (IDS) that may block or alert other types of packets, such as NULL, FIN, or Xmas packets. Moreover, this technique can provide more accurate and reliable results than other techniques, such as banner grabbing or passive analysis, that may depend on the availability or validity of the information provided by the target system.

The other options are not correct, as they describe different tests and reasons. Test 3 is a TCP/IP stack fingerprinting technique that uses the URG, PSH, SYN, and FIN flags to determine the OS of the target system. Test 2 is a TCP/IP stack fingerprinting technique that uses a NULL packet, which is a TCP packet with no flags enabled, to determine the OS of the target system. Test 6 is a TCP/IP stack fingerprinting technique that uses the ACK flag, which is used to acknowledge the receipt of a TCP segment, to determine the OS of the target system. References:

OS and Application Fingerprinting | SANS Institute

Operating System Fingerprinting | SpringerLink

OS and Application Fingerprinting - community.akamai.com

What is OS Fingerprinting and Techniques - Zerosuniverse

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

This is a classic example of social engineering. When a system is well-secured technically, attackers often turn to exploiting human vulnerabilities — such as:

Talking to employees and gaining their trust

Bribing disgruntled or low-level staff

Gaining physical access or insider information through manipulation

From CEH v13 Courseware:

Module 7: Social Engineering

Incorrect Options:

A: Zero-days are rare and expensive; not always feasible.

C: DDoS is disruptive, not data-oriented.

D: MiTM is a complex network-based attack, unlikely effective against a hardened internal mainframe.

CEH identifies insecure data transfer as a critical IoT weakness. Outdated encryption protocols such as SSLv2 fail to protect confidentiality or integrity. Without strong encryption and authentication, attackers can intercept, decrypt, and manipulate video feeds.

The Shellshock vulnerability (CVE-2014-6271) allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via crafted environment variables in Bash. In this example, the malicious command cat /etc/passwd is executed, displaying the contents of the file (which contains system user account info).

Reference – CEH v13 Official Study Guide:

Module 6: Malware Threats

Quote:

“Shellshock allows remote code execution through environment variables processed by Bash. Exploits can be used to run commands like cat /etc/passwd on a vulnerable system.”

Incorrect Options:

A. No file deletion occurs.

B. It doesn’t change passwords.

C. No user addition occurs.

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Windows Messenger administration

Courier administration is an organization based framework notice Windows administration by Microsoft that was remembered for some prior forms of Microsoft Windows.

This resigned innovation, despite the fact that it has a comparable name, isn’t connected in any capacity to the later, Internet-based Microsoft Messenger administration for texting or to Windows Messenger and Windows Live Messenger (earlier named MSN Messenger) customer programming.

The Messenger Service was initially intended for use by framework managers to tell Windows clients about their networks.[1] It has been utilized malevolently to introduce spring up commercials to clients over the Internet (by utilizing mass-informing frameworks which sent an ideal message to a predetermined scope of IP addresses). Despite the fact that Windows XP incorporates a firewall, it isn’t empowered naturally. Along these lines, numerous clients got such messages. Because of this maltreatment, the Messenger Service has been debilitated as a matter of course in Windows XP Service Pack 2.

In CEH v13 Module 17: Mobile and IoT Security, Spearphone is defined as a privacy-intrusion attack that:

Exploits a smartphone’s speaker output, particularly when loudspeaker mode is used.

Leverages motion sensors (accelerometer, gyroscope) through a malicious app to capture acoustic signals emitted during:

Phone calls

Voice assistant interactions

Media playback

This enables attackers to extract private speech content without needing microphone access.

Option Clarification:

A. Man-in-the-disk: Exploits unprotected external storage in Android.

B. aLTEr: Exploits LTE protocol weaknesses; unrelated to loudspeaker eavesdropping.

C. SIM card attack: Targets SIM-level vulnerabilities (e.g., SIMjacker).

D. Spearphone: Correct — exploits loudspeaker emissions and motion sensors.