NCLEX-PN Exam Dumps - National Council Licensure Examination(NCLEX-PN)

Pernicious anemia is a megaloblastic, macrocytic, normochronic anemia caused by a deficiency of the intrinsic factor produced by the stomach. This results in malabsorption of vitamin B12, which is necessary for DNA synthesis and maturation of RBC. Education should include side effects of Vitamin B12, which can include pain and burning at the injection site, peripheral vascular thrombosis, and transient diarrhea.PhysiologicalAdaptation

Folic acid and iron deficiency anemia are the most common anemias, prevalent in women of childbearing age with 50% of pregnant women having this type of anemia. Iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy is a result (usually) of the increase in the plasma level during pregnancy but not in the constituent level. Also, if a woman has this type of anemia prepregnancy, it gets worse during pregnancy.Physiological Adaptation

Typically, first-generation OTC antihistamines have a sedating effect because of passage into the CNS. However, in some individuals, especially infants and children, paradoxical CNS stimulation occurs and is manifested by excitement, euphoria, restlessness, and confusion. For this reason, use of first-generation OTC antihistamines has declined and second-generation product use has increased. Reye’s syndrome is a systemic response to a virus. First-generation OTC antihistamines do not exhibit a cholinergic effect. Nausea and diarrhea are uncommon with first-generation OTC antihistamines.Pharmacological Therapies

When performing a parancentesis, the client must be sitting up to allow the fluid to settle to the lower abdomen. To prevent trauma to the bladder while inserting a needle to aspirate the fluid, the bladder must be empty.Basic Care and Comfort

Staphylococcus aureus microorganisms are ubiquitous and easily transmitted by health care workers who fail to conduct routine hand washing between clients. Tuberculosis is almost always transmitted by the airborne route, and tetanus usually results from exposure to dirt. HIV is a weak virus that does not live long outside the body.Physiological Adaptation

Parents must be careful when warming bottles in a microwave oven because the milk can become superheated.

When a microwave oven is used, the defrost setting should be chosen, and the temperature of the formula should

be checked before giving it to the baby. Refrigerated, partially used bottles should be discarded after 4 hours

because the baby might have introduced some pathogens into the formula. Returning the bottle to the refrigerator

does not destroy pathogens. Formula concentrate and water are usually mixed in a 1:1 ratio of one part concentrate

and one part water. Infants should be offered fresh formula at each feeding. Partially used bottles should not have

fresh formula added to them. Pathogens can grow in partially used bottles of formula and be transferred to the new

formula.Health Promotion and Maintenance

The usual recommendation for treatment of hypoglycemia is 10–15 grams of a fast-acting simple carbohydrate,

orally, if the client is conscious and able to swallow (for example, 3–4 commercially prepared glucose tablets or 4–6

oz of fruit juice). It is not necessary to add sugar to juice, even if it is labeled as unsweetened juice because the fruit

sugar in juice contains enough simple carbohydrate to raise the blood glucose level. Addition of sugar might result in a sharp rise in blood sugar that could last for several hours.Physiological Adaptation

Decreasing maternal fluids is the only intervention that shouldnotbe performed when fetal distress is

indicated.Reduction of Risk Potential