Introduction-to-IT Exam Dumps - WGU Introduction to ITKS02

1.Keyboard Input:

oWhen executing a program from the command line, the keyboard plays a crucial role in providing input to the system.

oThe user types the command or program name using the keyboard, and the operating system interprets these inputs.

oThe keyboard allows the user to interact with the command-line interface (CLI) by entering commands, parameters, and options.

2.Command-Line Execution:

oTo execute a program, the user types the program’s name (or its full path) followed by any necessary arguments or options.

oThe operating system processes this input and runs the specified program.

oFor example, to run a Python script named “my_script.py,” the user would type:

opython my_script.py

3.Other Peripheral Devices:

oLet’s briefly discuss the other options:

Hard Drive (B): The hard drive is a storage device and is not directly involved in executing programs from the command line. It stores files and data but does not execute them.

Speaker ©: The speaker is an output device used for audio playback. It does not play a role in executing programs.

Printer (D): The printer is an output device used for printing documents. It is not used to execute programs.

The system clock provides the electric timing pulses that electronic components use to coordinate operations. In Information Technology hardware architecture, digital circuits require a consistent timing signal to synchronize actions such as executing CPU instructions, transferring data across buses, and coordinating memory access. The clock signal is a repeating electrical waveform that establishes a rhythm for the system, allowing components to perform steps in a controlled sequence. CPU speed is commonly measured in cycles per second, such as gigahertz, which reflects how many clock cycles occur each second. While the motherboard contains circuits and connectors that distribute signals, and expansion buses carry data between components, they do not generate the fundamental timing pulses. A hard drive stores data and does not provide timing for the overall system. Because the question asks specifically about providing electric pulses required for operation, it refers to the system clock function that produces and distributes the timing signal. Therefore, the correct answer is system clock.

Software protection involves safeguarding software applications from unauthorized use, distribution, or reproduction. Various methods are employed to protect software, but one of the most frequently used approaches is through copyrights. Here’s why:

1.Copyrights:

oDefinition: Copyright protection grants exclusive rights to the creator or owner of the software. It prevents others from copying, distributing, or using the software without permission.

oHow It Works:

When a software developer creates an original program, they automatically hold the copyright to it.

The copyright holder can specify licensing terms and conditions, allowing or restricting certain uses.

Users must comply with these terms to legally use the software.

oBenefits:

Legal Protection: Copyright laws provide legal recourse against infringement.

Revenue Control: Developers can license their software and generate revenue.

Innovation Encouragement: Copyright protection encourages innovation by rewarding creators.

oReferences: 12

2.Other Methods:

oGNU General Public License (GPL): GPL is an open-source license that allows users to freely use, modify, and distribute software. However, it requires derivative works to be open-source as well.

oFair Use: Fair use is a legal doctrine that permits limited use of copyrighted material without permission for purposes such as criticism, commentary, or education.

oTrademarks: Trademarks protect brand names, logos, and symbols associated with software. While not directly related to software protection, trademarks play a role in branding and identity.

In summary, while other methods exist, copyrights remain a fundamental and frequently used approach to protect software from unauthorized use and ensure developers’ rights are respected.

In this approach, users stop using the old system, and the new system is put into use immediately1. However, direct conversion can be risky, especially without extensive testing beforehand2.

References

1.W3computing.com

2.Universal CPA Review

In a mesh topology, every device is connected to every other device. In Information Technology networking fundamentals, a full mesh topology provides multiple direct paths between nodes, which improves redundancy and fault tolerance. If one connection fails, data can often be rerouted through other links, reducing the chance of total network disruption. This makes mesh designs valuable for mission-critical environments where high availability is required. However, the number of connections grows quickly as devices increase, which raises cost, complexity, and management overhead. The other options describe different topologies: a star topology connects all devices to a central device such as a switch, a bus topology connects devices to a single shared communication line, and a ring topology connects each device to exactly two others, forming a loop. Because the defining feature of a mesh is the extensive interconnection among devices, the correct description is that every device is connected to every other device. Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Salt mines are a well-known physical location used for off-site data storage, especially for long-term archival backups. In Information Technology and records management, underground salt mines offer environmental conditions that help preserve storage media. They are typically cool, dry, and stable, which reduces humidity-related damage, corrosion, and temperature fluctuations that can degrade tapes, disks, and other archival media. Their underground location can also provide protection from many surface-level threats such as storms, fires, and some types of physical intrusions. Because off-site storage is meant to protect data from disasters affecting the primary site, a specialized facility like a salt mine can serve as a secure and controlled environment for storing backup media. The other options are not standard “common physical locations” described in many IT disaster recovery materials. Cold or warm climates are vague, and coastlands are generally higher risk due to storms and flooding. Therefore, salt mines are a common physical location used for off-site storage.

SMART is a goal-setting framework commonly used in IT project management to define clear, trackable objectives. SMART stands for specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound. The guideline that best matches SMART is creating criteria that can be used to measure success, because measurable goals require defined indicators and metrics to determine whether the goal has been achieved. In IT projects, measurable criteria might include performance benchmarks, uptime targets, defect rates, delivery dates, cost limits, or user adoption percentages. Option A aligns more with the collaborative emphasis found in frameworks like CLEAR. Option C relates to emotional connection, which is also a CLEAR characteristic. Option D mentions limiting scope and time, which partially resembles being time-bound and achievable, but the statement most directly and uniquely reflects SMART is the measurable requirement. Without measurable criteria, teams cannot objectively evaluate progress or confirm completion, which can lead to scope creep and unclear outcomes. Therefore, the SMART guideline represented in the options is creating criteria that can be used to measure success.

1.Microsoft Windows: Developed and marketed by Microsoft, Windows is the most widely used desktop operating system globally. It accounts for nearly 72% market share for desktop and laptop computers. Windows provides an intuitive and user-friendly graphical desktop, making it easy to use and navigate. It is versatile and supports various tasks such as word processing, browsing, gaming, software development, video editing, and more1.

2.Linux: Linux is a popular open-source operating system. It was developed by programmer Linus Torvalds in 1991. Linux runs in many organizations, private offices, mobile devices, supercomputers, and over the internet. It already contains almost all the features of the UNIX OS and has additional features. Various distributions of Linux exist, including Ubuntu, Debian, Solus, and Linux Mint. Linux is known for its security, compatibility, and flexibility2.

3.Android: Android is one of the most common operating systems today. It powers smartphones, tablets, and other smart devices. Developed by Google, Android is based on the Linux kernel. It dominates the mobile market and offers a wide range of applications and features for users2.

Comprehensive Detailed Step by Step Explanation:

1.Microsoft Windows:

oWindows is developed and maintained by Microsoft.

oIt provides a graphical user interface (GUI) and is user-friendly.

oWindows 10 is the current version, with earlier versions like Windows XP, Windows 8, and Windows 7.

oAdvantages: Compatibility with hardware, pre-loaded software, ease of use. Disadvantages: Cost, security threats, vulnerability to viruses.

2.Linux:

oDeveloped by Linus Torvalds in 1991.

oOpen-source and free of cost.

oUsed in various environments (organizations, supercomputers, etc.).

oDistributions like Ubuntu, Debian, and Linux Mint.

oAdvantages: Security, compatibility, flexibility. Disadvantages: Multiple versions, not ideal for gamers.

3.Android:

oDeveloped by Google.

oBased on the Linux kernel.

oDominates the mobile market.

oOffers a wide range of apps and features.