Introduction-to-IT Exam Dumps - WGU Introduction to ITKS02

The third generation of computing is known for major advances in operating systems, especially the move toward multiprogramming, time-sharing concepts, and improved resource management. During this era, computers became powerful enough to support operating systems that could coordinate multiple programs and users more effectively, enabling shared use of memory, processing time, and peripheral devices. This meant that instead of a computer running only one program at a time with long idle periods, the operating system could schedule tasks, allocate memory, and manage input and output to keep the system busy and efficient. These developments matched the growth of integrated circuits, which improved speed and reliability and made more advanced system software practical. Third-generation systems also emphasized better user interaction through terminals and more standardized system environments. While later generations improved operating systems further, the third generation is widely credited in Information Technology history with establishing the operating system as a central system layer for managing shared resources. Therefore, the correct answer is the third generation.

Word processing software is used to create text-based documents such as business reports, letters, memos, and newsletters. In Information Technology and productivity software classifications, word processors provide tools for writing, formatting, editing, and printing documents. Common features include font and paragraph formatting, page layout, headers and footers, tables, spelling and grammar checking, templates, and support for inserting images and charts. These features are essential for producing professional reports and newsletters that require structured text and consistent formatting. Presentation software is designed for slide shows, typically for speaking or visual displays, not for multi-page documents. Spreadsheet software focuses on calculations, formulas, and data analysis in rows and columns, which is ideal for budgets and numeric modeling rather than document publishing. Database software is used to store, manage, and query structured data, supporting records and relationships rather than document creation. Since the goal described is writing and formatting business reports and newsletters, the correct type of software is word processing.

An input device is any hardware device that sends data to a computer, allowing you to interact with and control it. Input devices enable users to input information into the computer system. Let’s break down the options:

•Flash Drive (A): A flash drive (also known as a USB drive or thumb drive) is a storage device, not an input device. It allows you to store and transfer data but does not directly input data into the computer.

•CD (B): A CD (compact disc) is also a storage medium, typically used for storing audio, video, or software files. Like a flash drive, it is not an input device.

•Scanner ©: A scanner is a classic example of an input device. It captures physical documents, images, or text and converts them into digital data that the computer can process. Scanners are commonly used for tasks like digitizing photos, creating PDFs, or scanning documents.

•Printer (D): A printer is an output device, not an input device. It produces hard copies (printed documents) based on digital data received from the computer.

In summary, the correct answer is C. Scanner, as it directly inputs data into the computer system.

Healthcare providers need to consider the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) to ensure that they do not illegally provide patient information1. HIPAA establishes national standards to protect individuals’ medical records and other individually identifiable health information, including protected health information2. It applies to health plans, health care clearinghouses, and health care providers that conduct certain health care transactions electronically2. The Privacy Rule within HIPAA sets a baseline of protection for health information and allows patients to choose whether their health information may be disclosed for specific purposes such as treatment, payment, and health care operations3. Therefore, healthcare providers partnering with local hospitals and health centers should adhere to HIPAA guidelines to safeguard patient privacy.

The kernel is the core component of an operating system that enables applications to run by managing system resources and providing essential services. In Information Technology, applications do not directly control the CPU, memory, or hardware devices. Instead, they request services from the operating system through system calls, which are handled by the kernel. The kernel manages process creation and execution, memory allocation, multitasking, and communication between software and hardware. It also enforces protection and security boundaries so one program cannot easily interfere with another or with the operating system itself. The user interface affects how users interact with the system, but it is not the component that actually runs programs. The file manager handles organization and access to files, and drivers allow the operating system to communicate with specific hardware devices, such as printers and network cards. Because the kernel controls process execution and resource management, it is the operating system component that allows applications to run.

Hierarchical databases use a parent-child relationship model. In this type of database, data is organized into a tree-like structure that implies a single-parent for each record. This model allows the representation of data in a hierarchy which is very much like a family tree. Each parent can have multiple children, but each child has only one parent (also known as a one-to-many relationship).

The hierarchical database model was one of the first database models, historically used with mainframe computers. In this model, records contain information about their groups of parent/child relationships, similar to a family tree. If we consider a database of employees, each department would be a parent node, and each employee within that department would be a child node of the department.

In project management, scope creep refers to the uncontrolled expansion of a project’s scope beyond its original boundaries. Here’s a breakdown:

1.Project Initiation:

oProject initiation is the first step in starting a new project.

oDuring this phase, you establish why you’re doing the project and what business value it will deliver.

oThe goal is to secure buy-in from key stakeholders based on the project’s initial definition.

2.Scope Creep:

oOnce a project is underway, additional requirements or changes may arise.

oThese unplanned additions can lead to scope creep.

oExamples include:

New features requested by stakeholders.

Enhancements beyond the original scope.

Unforeseen requirements emerging during execution.

3.Impact of Scope Creep:

oScope creep can:

Delay the project timeline.

Increase costs due to additional work.

Affect quality if rushed changes are made.

Create frustration among team members.

4.Managing Scope Creep:

oTo prevent scope creep:

Define clear project boundaries during initiation.

Document requirements thoroughly.

Regularly review and assess any proposed changes.

Communicate with stakeholders about trade-offs.

•The system component that allows a collection of computers to communicate with each other is the network.

•Explanation: Networks enable communication between computers, allowing data exchange, resource sharing, and collaboration.

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Therefore, the correct answer is B. Network.