Information-Technology-Management Exam Dumps - WGU Information Technology Management QGC2

Design Phase in SDLC:

During the design phase, detailed descriptions of system features and operations are developed. This includes creating architectural diagrams, prototypes, and technical specifications.

Key Activities in the Design Phase:

Translating business requirements into technical blueprints.

Defining user interfaces, workflows, data structures, and system behavior.

Incorrect Options Analysis:

B. High-level strategy and goals: Refers to the planning phase.

C. Requirements identification: Part of the analysis phase.

D. Refining project goals: Occurs during analysis, not design.

References and Documents of Information Technology Management:

"System Design Practices in SDLC" (TechRepublic).

ITIL Technical Design Framework (Axelos).

Prototyping in Software Development:

Prototyping involves creating a working model of the system to validate that it meets user and business requirements.

It is an iterative approach where users interact with the prototype and provide feedback for improvements.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

Option A (Waterfall): Follows a linear approach without iterative feedback.

Option B (RUP): A structured iterative approach but not focused solely on prototyping.

Option C (Iterative): While iterative development involves cycles, it does not specifically focus on building prototypes.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In Agile development, particularly in Scrum, the Scrum master serves as a facilitator and servant leader for the Scrum team. Their primary responsibility is to guide the team’s processes and remove impediments that block progress. The Scrum master ensures that Agile principles and Scrum practices are followed, facilitates key events (such as daily stand-ups, sprint planning, reviews, and retrospectives), and works to improve team collaboration and continuous improvement.

The Scrum master focuses on:

Supporting the team in following agreed processes and timeboxes.

Identifying and removing obstacles that slow or prevent the team from delivering value.

Serving as a bridge between the team and external stakeholders, protecting the team from unnecessary interruptions.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. Coordinating team logistics and managing external vendors – While the Scrum master may help facilitate communication, vendor management and logistics coordination are typically project management or operations roles, not the core definition of a Scrum master.

B. Reviewing code and merging development branches – These are technical responsibilities usually handled by developers or technical leads, not the Scrum master’s core role.

D. Monitoring system performance and reporting outages – This aligns more with operations or DevOps roles; the Scrum master’s main focus is team process and impediment removal, not system monitoring.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Mobile operating systems are specifically designed to run on battery-powered, handheld, touchscreen devices such as smartphones and tablets. Their design priorities differ from desktop operating systems, with emphasis on:

Power efficiency to extend battery life

Touchscreen input, including gestures such as tapping, swiping, and pinching

Lightweight resource usage (CPU, memory, storage) suitable for mobile hardware

Wireless connectivity (Wi-Fi, cellular, Bluetooth, GPS) as core capabilities

App-centric user interface, optimized for small screens and mobile workflows

These characteristics make mobile operating systems particularly suited for on-the-go business use, enabling activities like email, messaging, collaboration apps, field data entry, and access to cloud services from anywhere.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. Complex, multi-user access across enterprise domains – This is traditionally more associated with desktop operating systems (e.g., Windows with Active Directory domains) used in corporate environments.

B. Advanced tools for high-end peripheral hardware – Desktop OSs are typically stronger here, supporting devices like industrial printers, specialized input devices, and complex hardware configurations.

C. Virtualization of enterprise server environments – This is a feature typically associated with server and desktop operating systems (e.g., hypervisors and server OSs), not mobile OSs.

Therefore, the feature that best distinguishes mobile operating systems in business use is that they function efficiently on battery-powered, touchscreen devices.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Within the SDLC, integration testing is the testing phase that focuses on how different components or modules of the software work together. After individual units or components have been tested in isolation (unit testing), integration testing verifies that the interactions, data flows, and interfaces between these components function correctly as a combined system segment.

Integration testing aims to:

Detect interface defects between modules.

Ensure that combined components communicate and cooperate as intended.

Validate that data passed between modules is correct and handled properly.

Why the other options are incorrect:

B. Unit testing – Focuses on individual components or functions in isolation to verify that each one works correctly on its own, not how they work together.

C. Parallel testing – Involves running the new system and the old system simultaneously to compare outputs, often used during system replacement or migration, not specifically about module interaction.

D. Acceptance testing – Conducted to verify that the system meets business requirements and user needs, typically performed by end users or customers near the end of the SDLC; it is not focused on internal component integration.

Therefore, integration testing is the SDLC testing phase that specifically focuses on how different components of the software work together.

A firewall is a critical part of network security that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. Its function is to block unauthorized access while permitting legitimate communication, thereby serving as a barrier between trusted internal networks and untrusted external networks.

Option A: Incorrect—phishing is handled by user awareness and email filters, not firewalls alone.

Option B: Incorrect—malware detection is performed by antivirus/antimalware tools, not firewalls.

Option D: Incorrect—encryption keys are managed by cryptographic systems, not firewalls.

Thus, the function of a firewall is to control unauthorized access.

Biometric authentication methods (such as fingerprint scans, facial recognition, or iris scans) provide strong protection against unauthorized physical access to sensitive systems and data. These methods ensure that only authorized individuals can access secured facilities or devices.

Option A: Software patching addresses software vulnerabilities, not physical access.

Option B: Data encryption protects data confidentiality, but does not prevent physical access attempts.

Option C: Firewalls protect network access, not physical access.

Thus, biometric authentication protects against unauthorized physical access.