Information-Technology-Management Exam Dumps - WGU Information Technology Management QGC2

Unified communications (UC) integrates various communication tools such as instant messaging, email, voice, video conferencing, and collaboration platforms into a single interface. The primary benefit is enhanced collaboration, allowing teams to work together seamlessly across multiple channels and geographic locations.

Option A: Incorrect—UC focuses on communication, not resource speed.

Option B: Incorrect—UC does not provide additional storage.

Option C: Incorrect—billing is unrelated to unified communications.

Thus, the benefit of unified communications is enhanced collaboration.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Lean software development is an Agile methodology that focuses on process optimization, primarily through the elimination of waste, continuous improvement, and maximizing value delivered to the customer. It is inspired by Lean principles from manufacturing (such as the Toyota Production System), adapted to software development.

Key aspects of Lean in IT management context include:

Identifying and removing activities that do not add value to the customer.

Shortening cycle times and improving flow of work.

Encouraging continuous improvement (Kaizen) and optimizing the entire process, not just individual steps.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. Feature-driven development (FDD) – Emphasizes designing and building by features with a strong modeling component, but its core focus is not specifically process optimization.

B. Dynamic systems development – Focuses on delivering systems in tight timeframes with user involvement, but is not defined primarily by Lean-style process optimization.

D. Extreme programming (XP) – Focuses on high-quality code and engineering practices (pair programming, test-driven development, continuous integration), rather than process optimization through waste elimination as its central principle.

Thus, Lean software development is the Agile methodology most directly associated with process optimization.

A Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack (or Distributed Denial-of-Service, DDoS) aims to flood a network, server, or system with excessive traffic, making it unable to respond to legitimate users. This results in disruption of normal network operations, downtime, and loss of service availability.

Option A (Session hijacking): Involves taking over a user’s session, not large-scale network disruption.

Option C (DNS spoofing): Redirects users to fraudulent sites, not directly disrupting entire network use.

Option D (Malware infection): Can harm systems, but is not specifically aimed at disrupting network availability.

Thus, the attack that disrupts normal network use is a Denial-of-Service attack.

The Analysis phase of the SDLC involves gathering and documenting business, user, and system requirements. This ensures the project team fully understands what the system must achieve before moving into design and development.

Option A: Validation occurs during testing.

Option C: Structuring component interaction is part of design.

Option D: Optimization for performance is a later concern during development and testing.

Thus, the primary purpose is to define the business, user, and system requirements.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

User consent is a fundamental principle in responsible data collection and privacy management. It ensures that individuals are informed about what data is being collected, how it will be used, and under what conditions, and that they agree to that specific use. Consent provides a clear legal and ethical basis for processing personal data and supports transparency and trust between users and the organization.

With valid consent, users understand and approve the purpose and scope of data processing. This aligns with many privacy regulations and best practices, which require that organizations collect and use data only for specified, legitimate purposes that the user has been made aware of and has agreed to.

Option A is incorrect because consent does not grant unlimited or indefinite rights; data use is typically limited to the purposes and conditions disclosed at the time consent is obtained.

Option B is incorrect because user consent does not replace privacy policies; privacy policies remain necessary to explain data practices in detail.

Option D is incorrect because consent does not remove safeguards; appropriate protections and controls are still required.

Thus, user consent is important because it confirms that users agree to specific data use, making C the correct answer.

Definition of Systems Thinking:

Systems thinking refers to the ability to understand and analyze how different components of a system interact and influence each other, especially at a broad organizational and strategic level.

For an IT leader, this means bridging the gap between technical operations and corporate strategy, enabling effective communication and alignment across all levels of the business.

Why Systems Thinking is Important for IT Leaders:

Ensures alignment of IT initiatives with organizational goals.

Facilitates problem-solving by understanding the broader impact of decisions.

Encourages cross-functional collaboration and holistic decision-making.

Incorrect Options Analysis:

B. Coordinate: While coordination is a skill, it does not encompass the strategic perspective described.

C. Courage: An important leadership trait, but not specific to systems-level thinking.

D. Breadth: Refers to having a wide range of knowledge, but lacks the systems-oriented focus.

References and Documents of Information Technology Management:

ITIL 4 Leadership Practices: Systems Thinking (Axelos).

"Systems Thinking for IT Leaders" (Harvard Business Review).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In system development, a storyboard is a visual tool used to map the user’s journey with a system. It presents a sequence of screens, steps, or interactions that a user experiences while performing tasks. Storyboards help:

Visualize how users will navigate through the system

Communicate the flow of interactions to stakeholders and developers

Clarify requirements related to user experience and interface behavior

Identify potential usability issues early, before detailed design or coding

By walking through the user’s journey in a visual, step-by-step format, storyboards support better understanding and communication of how the system should support user tasks.

Option B (To create an interactive model of a system) is more accurately describing a prototype or simulation, not a storyboard.

Option C (To conduct detailed user testing sessions) refers to usability testing, which may use storyboards as input but is not the purpose of the storyboard itself.

Option D (To write code for a new software feature) is a development activity and unrelated to what storyboards are used for.

Thus, the purpose of a storyboard in system development is to map the user’s journey with a system.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

A worm is a type of self-replicating malware that can spread across networks without attaching itself to a host program or file. Worms exploit vulnerabilities in network protocols, operating systems, or software to move from one device to another automatically. Once inside a system, they can consume bandwidth, overload systems, install backdoors, or deliver additional malicious payloads.

Key characteristics of a worm include:

Standalone malware: Does not need to embed itself in another program.

Self-replicating and network-aware: Designed to spread rapidly across networks.

Often automatic propagation: Requires little or no user interaction once launched.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. Ransomware – Ransomware encrypts data and demands payment but is usually delivered via another malware vector (like a trojan or phishing email). It is not defined by independent network-spreading behavior.

B. Trojan horse – A trojan disguises itself as legitimate software to trick users into installing it. It does not self-replicate across networks.

D. Virus – A virus requires a host program or file to attach to and typically spreads when that file is shared or executed. This is explicitly different from a worm, which does not need to attach to a file or program.

Therefore, the correct answer is C. Worm, as it is the threat type that spreads independently across networks without needing a host file or program.