H12-891_V1.0 Exam Dumps - HCIE-Datacom V1.0

Huawei’s Network Access Control (NAC) Portal authentication supports various identity authentication methods for user login via a web page. These include:

Username and password — standard method.

Passcode — one-time password or PIN.

SMS verification code — users receive a dynamic code via SMS for identity verification.

However:

MAC address authentication is used in MAC-based authentication, not Portal. MAC authentication allows a device to be authenticated using its MAC address without user interaction (i.e., not via a Portal page).

Correct answer: D. User’s MAC address

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

In the CloudCampus public cloud scenario, when devices are deployed through the Huawei registration query center, there is no need to configure DHCP Option 148 on the campus network’s DHCP server.

The registration query center automatically provides the controller IP address to the devices during the registration process.

DHCP Option 148 is typically used to provide the iMaster NCE-Campus address in on-premises or private cloud scenarios.

In the public cloud scenario, the devices obtain this information directly from the Huawei cloud platform, making Option 148 unnecessary.

Huawei’s SD-WAN solution offers a full suite of application optimization technologies, including:

Application identification: Uses DPI and traffic signatures to identify applications.

Intelligent traffic steering: Dynamically routes traffic based on application type and real-time link performance.

WAN optimization: Reduces latency, deduplicates traffic, and optimizes throughput for key apps.

QoS: Prioritizes critical applications and ensures bandwidth guarantees.

All listed options are part of the Huawei SD-WAN solution for optimizing user experience and application performance.

Correct answers: A, B, C, D

In hot standby (active-active/load balancing) scenarios, Quick Session Backup is critical. This function ensures that session entries are immediately synchronized between firewalls to handle asymmetric traffic (where return traffic goes through a different firewall than the forward traffic).

Without it, the return packet may be dropped due to missing session information on the alternate firewall.

Exact Extract - HCIE-Datacom Security Module:

“When VGMP is in load balancing mode, quick session backup must be enabled to prevent traffic loss due to inconsistent forward and return paths.”

Understanding VXLAN (Virtual eXtensible LAN) Technology

VXLAN is a Layer 2 over Layer 3 encapsulation protocol designed to extend Layer 2 domains across routed networks using MAC-in-UDP encapsulation.

🔹 Key VXLAN Components:

VTEP (VXLAN Tunnel Endpoints): These encapsulate and decapsulate VXLAN packets.

Underlay Network: The routed IP network that forwards VXLAN packets (does not require VXLAN awareness).

Overlay Network: The logical Layer 2 segments tunneled over VXLAN.

Analysis of the Answer Choices:

✅ A. VXLAN uses MAC-in-UDP encapsulation to encapsulate Ethernet packets into UDP packets and thereby extend Layer 2 networks.

Correct: VXLAN uses MAC-in-UDP encapsulation, meaning that the original Ethernet frame is placed inside a UDP packet, allowing Layer 2 networks to extend over IP-based networks.

❌ B. When VXLAN is deployed, in addition to devices at both ends of a VXLAN tunnel, intermediate forwarding devices are also required to support VXLAN. Otherwise, VXLAN packets cannot be forwarded.

Incorrect: VXLAN packets are forwarded as regular UDP traffic in the underlay network.

Intermediate routers or switches DO NOT need to support VXLAN, as they only forward UDP packets based on the outer IP headers.

Only VTEP devices must support VXLAN because they handle encapsulation/decapsulation.

✅ C. VXLAN packets are forwarded through routes on the underlay network, and the MAC address of the terminal in the inner data frame is not considered during underlay forwarding.

Correct: The underlay network routes VXLAN packets using outer IP headers (VTEP IP addresses), not the inner MAC address.

✅ D. VXLAN can be deployed on campus networks to implement Layer 2 and Layer 3 communication.

Correct: VXLAN is commonly used in campus networks to provide both Layer 2 bridging and Layer 3 routing across different locations.

Real-World Application:

Data Center Networks: VXLAN is widely used for multi-tenant network segmentation in cloud environments.

Enterprise Campus Networks: Enables seamless Layer 2 and Layer 3 connectivity across different buildings or locations.

✅ Reference: Huawei HCIE-Datacom Guide – VXLAN Deployment and Forwarding Principles

✅ A. encoding: indicates the character set encoding format. Currently, only UTF-8 encoding is supported.

UTF-8 is the default and only supported character encoding in NETCONF XML.

✅ B. /: indicates the end of the current tag.

In XML, < /tag > closes an element, defining the end of a structure.

✅ C. < ?: indicates the start of an instruction.

The < ?xml line declares an XML document and its version/encoding.

✅ D. ? > : indicates the end of an instruction.

Closes the XML declaration.

Reference from Huawei HCIE-Datacom Documentation:

Huawei NETCONF Development Guide – XML Formatting Rules

HCIE-Datacom Training Material – Understanding XML in Network Automation

Understanding HTTP Security Risks

🔹 What is HTTP?

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is a protocol used for communication between web clients (browsers) and servers.

It is unencrypted, making it vulnerable to security threats.

Potential Risks in HTTP Communication:

✅ A. Eavesdropping (Data Interception)

Correct: HTTP traffic is unencrypted, meaning attackers can capture data using tools like Wireshark or MITM (Man-in-the-Middle) attacks.

Example: Hackers intercept login credentials over public Wi-Fi.

✅ B. Pretending (Impersonation / Spoofing)

Correct: Without encryption or authentication, attackers can spoof legitimate websites.

Example: A phishing website mimics a banking login page to steal user credentials.

✅ C. Tampering (Data Manipulation)

Correct: Attackers can modify HTTP data in transit, changing the content sent to users.

Example: Injecting malicious scripts into a webpage (e.g., Cross-Site Scripting - XSS).

❌ D. Lost (Low Probability of Data Loss)

Incorrect: HTTP runs over TCP, which ensures reliable data transmission.

Packet loss is not a major security risk but rather a network performance issue.

How to Mitigate HTTP Risks?

Use HTTPS (HTTP Secure) → Encrypts data using TLS (Transport Layer Security).

Enable HSTS (HTTP Strict Transport Security) → Forces HTTPS connections.

Implement Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) → Protects against attacks like SQL Injection & XSS.

✅ Reference: Huawei HCIE-Datacom Guide – Network Security Risks in HTTP Communication

Virtual Networks in Huawei CloudCampus Solution:

Virtual networks (VNs) are segmented based on services (e.g., IoT, Guest Wi-Fi, Enterprise Wi-Fi).

Each VN has its own routing and forwarding instance (VRF).

Isolation Between Virtual Networks:

By default, different virtual networks are isolated.

If inter-VN communication is required, it must be manually configured using policy-based routing (PBR), inter-VRF routing, or firewall policies.

Reference from Huawei HCIE-Datacom Documentation:

Huawei CloudCampus Solution Guide – Virtual Networks and Segmentation

HCIE-Datacom Training Material – Policy-Based Inter-VN Communication