C11 Exam Dumps - Principles and Practice of Insurance

In anon-proportional excess of losscontract, the reinsurer pays only the amountabove the retention (the deductible), up to its limit.

Retention =$300,000

Reinsurer’s limit =$600,000

Maximum reinsurance payout =$600,000

Now apply it to a$600,000 loss:

Cover It Insurance pays the first$300,000(its retention).

The remaining$300,000is within the reinsurer’s limit, so ZYX-Reinsurance pays$300,000.

Option A is incorrect—loss does not exceed retention, so reinsurer pays nothing.

Option B is incorrect—no reinsurance applies below $300,000.

Option D is incorrect because for a $900,000 loss, reinsurer would pay themaximum limit of $600,000, but Cover It would pay $300,000 retention plus the remaining $0? Actually total loss 900k: cover it pays 300k retention + 0 above? No, Cover It also pays any amount above reinsurance layer -> 900k minus 300k retention minus 600k limit = 0. The answer shown is still incorrect based on the numbers.

OnlyCis correctly calculated.

In insurance law, the insurer bears the burden of proving that the insured failed to disclose a material fact. Material facts are those that would influence an underwriter’s decision to accept, rate, or decline the risk. If an insurer alleges concealment or misrepresentation, the onus lies with the insurer to establish—through underwriting evidence, policy documentation, and testimony—that the fact was material and that nondisclosure affected the insurer’s judgment.

Option A is incorrect because the broker is merely an intermediary. Option C is not correct because the insured’s role is to answer questions truthfully, but the legal burden of proof in court rests with the insurer when making the accusation. Option D, a third party, has no role in proving concealment.

Therefore, the insurer must satisfy the court that a material concealment occurred, making B correct.

Adirect lossis damage that resultsimmediately and directlyfrom the action of an insured peril. For example, fire burning a building, wind damaging a roof, or theft taking merchandise. The loss must be theproximate (dominant) causeand must flow directly from the peril named or covered in the policy.

Option A is incorrect because direct loss refers to a peril’s action, not to who caused it.

Option C describes extensions of coverage, not direct losses.

Option D describes anindirect (consequential) loss, such as business interruption resulting from a fire—not the physical damage itself.

Therefore, the correct definition of a direct loss isB: Damage to property by the direct action of an insured peril.

Under theCivil Code of Québec, a valid contract requires four essential elements:

Capacity– Parties must be legally capable of contracting.

Cause– The reason or purpose each party has for contracting.

Consent– Agreement must be free and informed, without error, fear, or fraud.

Object of the contract– The subject matter of the agreement must be sufficiently defined and lawful.

These elements mirror common-law principles but differ in terminology. Option D is close but inaccurate—“acceptance” is part of consent, and “subject” is a less precise term than “object.” Options A and B include incorrect or irrelevant components.

Thus, the correct answer reflecting Quebec civil law requirements isC.

Brokers are legally and ethically required to keep premiums in a trust account, separate from operating funds. These trust monies belong to insurers (or insureds, depending on the context) until remitted. Misusing trust funds—such as using them to pay operating expenses—is considered a serious breach of fiduciary duty and a violation of insurance regulatory requirements. Such conduct jeopardizes financial integrity and can lead to immediate termination of the broker contract, regulatory sanctions, or license revocation. Therefore, option D reflects a valid and serious reason for terminating the agreement.

Option A concerns underwriting rules, not broker misconduct. Option B actually reflects good insurer service, not grounds for termination. Option C is incorrect because brokers do not owe commissionstoinsurers—insurers pay commissionstobrokers. The broker’s responsibility is to remit collected premiums, not commissions.

Thus, the only option representing a breach serious enough to terminate an agency contract is D.