C11 Exam Dumps - Principles and Practice of Insurance

Whenever coverage is boundorally, the broker must follow up withwritten confirmationto both:

theinsured, to confirm the accuracy of information provided, and

theinsurer, to notify them of all disclosed underwriting details.

This written documentation protects all parties by ensuring the insurer is fully aware of material facts—such as the presence of a swimming pool—and prevents disputes like this one.

Option A is unnecessary and not industry practice.

Option C refers to a notice after issuance, but the dispute occurred at binding, so this is too late.

Option D is incorrect; the insurer does not verify every detail directly with insureds—this is the broker’s responsibility.

Thus, the broker should have completed written confirmation, makingBthe correct answer.

An oral binder is a legally recognized temporary contract that provides immediate insurance coverage before a written policy is issued. While oral binders are valid in all Canadian provinces, their reliability depends entirely on whether the intermediary actually has binding authority from the insurer. If the broker or agent who gives the oral binder doesnothave the authority to commit the insurer, then the binder may not be valid, and coverage may not exist. This makes lack of authority the primary risk associated with oral binders.

Option A is incorrect—oral binders are legal across Canada.

Option B is incorrect—a binder cannot override policy warranties; it simply provides temporary coverage.

Option C is unrelated; privacy documentation is not what makes a binder valid or invalid.

Thus, the key problem is that the intermediary may not have binding authority, making D the correct answer.

Insurers must ensure they collect enough premium to cover potential losses while remaining competitive. One of the most important methods is maintaining a good spread of risk—diversifying exposures across different geographical areas, classes of business, and types of insureds. This spreads the impact of losses, reducing the chance that a single catastrophic event or concentration of similar risks will threaten the insurer’s financial stability.

Option B, specialization, increases dependence on a narrow market segment and may elevate risk volatility. Option C is unrealistic because insurers cannot rely solely on “superior risks,” nor can they guarantee such a selection. Option D—concentrating business in one location—is dangerous because natural disasters, economic downturns, or localized events could cause severe aggregated losses.

Thus, insurers most effectively manage loss volatility through A: a good spread of risk.

Purchasing insurance that covers customers’ goods in transit enhances the company’s ability toattract more clients, which is referred to asgreater acquisition potential. Clients feel more confident choosing a mover that offers protection for their belongings, especially when transporting high-value items. This competitive advantage increases business opportunities and strengthens the company’s reputation.

Option B—“feeling of security”—is a benefit but applies to theinsured party, not the business’s competitive positioning. Option C is incorrect because purchasing insurance does not provide additional capital; it is a business cost. Option D (subscription policies) has no connection to transit insurance.

Therefore, the most direct business benefit for the moving company isA: Greater acquisition potential.

The Facility Association is the Canadian automobile insurance mechanism designed to ensure that high-risk drivers, who cannot obtain insurance in the voluntary market, are still able to secure the legally required automobile insurance coverage. All auto insurers in participating provinces must be members, and losses and premiums in the pool are shared among them according to market share.

Option B, “Substandard Group,” is not an official Canadian mechanism. Option C does not refer to any recognized underwriting pool for high-risk auto insurance. Option D is not an actual insurance entity.

Only the Facility Association accurately represents the mandatory pooling arrangement for high-risk drivers.

To be insurable, a peril must befortuitous, measurable, and not within the direct control of the insured.Cybersecurity risksmeet these criteria, which is why insurers offercyber liability and data breach insurance. These policies cover hacking, ransomware, privacy breaches, and business interruption caused by cyber events.

Mismanagement (B) is uninsurable because it results from internal decision failure.

Under-capitalization (C) is a business failure, not a fortuitous peril.

Product obsolescence (D) is a predictable business cycle risk and cannot be insured.

Thus, the only insurable peril listed isA: Cybersecurity.

Net income is calculated by subtractingexpensesfromrevenues:

Net Income=Revenues−Expenses\text{Net Income} = \text{Revenues} - \text{Expenses}Net Income=Revenues−Expenses

For this retailer:

$250,000−$100,000=$150,000\$250{,}000 - \$100{,}000 = \$150{,}000$250,000−$100,000=$150,000

The projection of $50,000 sustained growth next year is irrelevant because the question asks specifically forlast year’snet income. Many insurance-based financial questions test the ability to isolate actual financial performance from future projections.

Options B, C, and D incorrectly combine revenue, expense, or growth figures.

Thus, the correct net income isA: $150,000.

Comprehensive Explanation (150–250 words):

The termindemnifyis fundamental in insurance. To indemnify means tocompensate an insured party for actual losses or expenses incurred, restoring them as closely as possible to the financial position they occupied immediately before the loss. This principle ensures that insurance does not create profit or gain for the insured but instead acts as a financial safety mechanism to cover legitimate losses.

Indemnity is applied across many types of policies—property, automobile, liability, and more—and forms the basis of how claims are settled. When an insurer indemnifies an insured, the insurer may pay for repairs, replacement, medical expenses, or financial judgments depending on the policy coverage.

Option A,Salvage, is the insurer’s right to recover value from damaged property after paying a claim.

Option C,Pure captive, refers to an insurance company created by a parent company to insure its own risks.

Option D,Utmost good faith, is the legal duty requiring both insurer and insured to disclose all material facts.

Only“indemnify”directly describes providing compensation for an incurred loss.