312-50v13 Exam Dumps - Certified Ethical Hacker Exam (CEHv13)

According to CEH v13 Module 06: Malware Threats, when analyzing suspicious system behavior or investigating a suspected Trojan infection, a common and effective approach is to:

Monitor system activity and network behavior using tools like netstat, Wireshark, and TCPView.

Trojans often create covert channels or backdoors for remote access, which can be identified through unexpected or unauthorized outgoing connections to remote IP addresses or domains.

Using netstat -an or netstat -ano helps identify open ports and active connections, and checking these against known IPs can indicate whether a Trojan is communicating with a Command and Control (C&C) server.

Analysis of Each Option:

A. Use ExifTool and check for malicious content

Incorrect. ExifTool is primarily used for extracting metadata from files, especially images and documents. It is not effective for analyzing executable malware or system behavior post-execution.

B. You do not check; rather, you immediately restore a previous snapshot of the operating system

Incorrect. While restoring from a snapshot might eventually be required, immediate restoration without diagnosis is not a recommended or forensically sound first step. It also prevents root cause analysis.

C. Upload the file to VirusTotal

Partially correct but not sufficient. While uploading the file to VirusTotal is a good step to confirm if the file is known malware, it does not identify whether the machine is currently infected or actively compromised.

D. Use netstat and check for outgoing connections to strange IP addresses or domains

Correct. This method helps detect if the system is making suspicious external connections that are common in Trojan infections.

Reference from CEH v13 Study Guide and Course Materials:

CEH v13 Official Module 06 – Malware Threats, Section: Types of Malware – Trojans, and System Monitoring Tools

CEH v13 eCourseware Lab Manual: "Detecting Trojan Activity using netstat and TCPView"

CEH Engage Range: Malware Investigation Phase – Trojan Behavior Detection

CEH training emphasizes that highly tailored social engineering attacks—those exploiting trust in internal workflows and perceived technical authority—are far more effective than generic or mass-distributed phishing attempts. A fake IT support portal that mirrors internal systems leverages procedural familiarity: IT departments commonly instruct employees to log into support portals for troubleshooting, credential verification, or ticket updates. When the attacker enhances the pretext with insider terminology and references to real internal systems, employees are more likely to trust the portal and enter credentials. CEH highlights that successful social engineering attacks mimic legitimate processes to avoid suspicion. Phone calls posing as executives often introduce risk due to real-time interaction and scrutiny. Generic phishing lacks personalization and is easily detected. Physical impersonation introduces operational risk and may not yield credentials. Therefore, a fake IT support portal aligned with IT workflows is the optimal method.

Outdated encryption protocols such as SSL 3.0 and TLS 1.0 contain numerous cryptographic weaknesses, making them susceptible to downgrade attacks, cipher-suite vulnerabilities, and interception. CEH explains that weak SSL/TLS configurations expose encrypted traffic to man-in-the-middle attacks because attackers can exploit vulnerabilities such as BEAST, POODLE, or weak ciphers to decrypt or manipulate data in transit. These flaws compromise confidentiality and integrity, allowing attackers to observe login credentials, session identifiers, or sensitive information. XSS and SQL injection exploit entirely different web vulnerabilities unrelated to encryption strength. Brute-forcing SSL handshakes is computationally infeasible and not relevant. Therefore, a MitM attack targeting the outdated protocol is the most effective exploitation method.

An untethered jailbreak is one that allows a telephone to finish a boot cycle when being pwned with none interruption to jailbreak-oriented practicality.

Untethered jailbreaks area unit the foremost sought-after of all, however they’re additionally the foremost difficult to attain due to the powerful exploits and organic process talent they need. associate unbound jailbreak is sent over a physical USB cable association to a laptop or directly on the device itself by approach of associate application-based exploit, like a web site in campaign.

Upon running associate unbound jailbreak, you’ll be able to flip your pwned telephone off and on once more while not running the jailbreak tool once more. all of your jailbreak tweaks and apps would then continue in operation with none user intervention necessary.

It’s been an extended time since IOS has gotten the unbound jailbreak treatment. the foremost recent example was the computer-based Pangu break, that supported most handsets that ran IOS nine.1. We’ve additionally witnessed associate unbound jailbreak within the kind of JailbreakMe, that allowed users to pwn their handsets directly from the mobile campaign applications programme while not a laptop.

In a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack, an attacker intercepts communication between two parties and can read, alter, or inject data without either party knowing. Susan's actions — intercepting and modifying her boss's session data before relaying it to the server — is the classic MITM pattern.

From CEH v13 Official Courseware:

Module 8: Sniffing

Module 11: Session Hijacking

CEH v13 Study Guide states:

“In a MITM attack, the attacker positions themselves between two communicating parties, relaying and possibly altering communications while maintaining the illusion that the parties are communicating directly.”

Incorrect Options:

A: Sniffing only involves passive listening.

B: Spoofing may involve impersonation but not necessarily interception and relay.

D: DoS is about service disruption, not data interception.

WHOIS is an Internet service that allows users to query domain name registries to retrieve information about registered domain names. It includes data such as:

Registrant’s name and contact information

Domain creation and expiration dates

Registrar details and name servers

WHOIS is often used during the reconnaissance phase in penetration testing.

Reference – CEH v13 Official Study Guide:

Module 2: Footprinting and Reconnaissance

Quote:

“WHOIS databases provide public domain registration details including contact names, email addresses, and registrar information. This is useful for initial reconnaissance.”

Incorrect Options:

B. CAPTCHA is used to distinguish human users from bots.

C. IANA oversees global IP address allocation and DNS root zone management.

D. IETF is responsible for internet standards, not registrant databases.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subnetwork

As we can see, we have an IP address of 10.1.4.0 with a subnet mask of /23. According to the question, we need to determine which IP address will be included in the range of the last 100 IP addresses.

The available addresses for hosts start with 10.1.4.1 and end with 10.1.5.254. Now you can clearly see that the last 100 addresses include the address 10.1.5.200.

DNS tunneling may be a method wont to send data over the DNS protocol, a protocol which has never been intended for data transfer. due to that, people tend to overlook it and it’s become a well-liked but effective tool in many attacks.

Most popular use case for DNS tunneling is obtaining free internet through bypassing captive portals at airports, hotels, or if you are feeling patient the not-so-cheap on the wing Wi-Fi.

On those shared internet hotspots HTTP traffic is blocked until a username/password is provided, however DNS traffic is usually still allowed within the background: we will encode our HTTP traffic over DNS and voilà, we’ve internet access.

This sounds fun but reality is, browsing anything on DNS tunneling is slow. Like, back to 1998 slow.

Another more dangerous use of DNS tunneling would be bypassing network security devices (Firewalls, DLP appliances…) to line up an immediate and unmonitored communications channel on an organisation’s network. Possibilities here are endless: Data exfiltration, fixing another penetration testing tool… you name it.

To make it even more worrying, there’s an outsized amount of easy to use DNS tunneling tools out there.

There’s even a minimum of one VPN over DNS protocol provider (warning: the planning of the web site is hideous, making me doubt on the legitimacy of it).

As a pentester all this is often great, as a network admin not such a lot .

How does it work:

For those that ignoramus about DNS protocol but still made it here, i feel you deserve a really brief explanation on what DNS does: DNS is sort of a phonebook for the web , it translates URLs (human-friendly language, the person’s name), into an IP address (machine-friendly language, the phone number). That helps us remember many websites, same as we will remember many people’s names.

For those that know what DNS is i might suggest looking here for a fast refresh on DNS protocol, but briefly what you would like to understand is:

• A Record: Maps a website name to an IP address.

example.com ? 12.34.52.67

• NS Record (a.k.a. Nameserver record): Maps a website name to an inventory of DNS servers, just in case our website is hosted in multiple servers.

example.com ? server1.example.com, server2.example.com

Who is involved in DNS tunneling?

• Client. Will launch DNS requests with data in them to a website .

• One Domain that we will configure. So DNS servers will redirect its requests to an outlined server of our own.

• Server. this is often the defined nameserver which can ultimately receive the DNS requests.

The 6 Steps in DNS tunneling (simplified):

1. The client encodes data during a DNS request. The way it does this is often by prepending a bit of knowledge within the domain of the request. for instance : mypieceofdata.server1.example.com

2. The DNS request goes bent a DNS server.

3. The DNS server finds out the A register of your domain with the IP address of your server.

4. The request for mypieceofdata.server1.example.com is forwarded to the server.

5. The server processes regardless of the mypieceofdata was alleged to do. Let’s assume it had been an HTTP request.

6. The server replies back over DNS and woop woop, we’ve got signal.

Bypassing Firewalls through the DNS Tunneling Method DNS operates using UDP, and it has a 255-byte limit on outbound queries. Moreover, it allows only alphanumeric characters and hyphens. Such small size constraints on external queries allow DNS to be used as an ideal choice to perform data exfiltration by various malicious entities. Since corrupt or malicious data can be secretly embedded into the DNS protocol packets, even DNSSEC cannot detect the abnormality in DNS tunneling. It is effectively used by malware to bypass the firewall to maintain communication between the victim machine and the C&C server. Tools such as NSTX (https://sourceforge.net), Heyoka (http://heyoka.sourceforge.netuse), and Iodine (https://code.kryo.se) use this technique of tunneling traffic across DNS port 53. CEH v11 Module 12 Page 994