VA-002-P Exam Dumps - HashiCorp Certified: Vault Associate

A workspace can only be configured to a single VCS repo, however, multiple workspaces can use the same repo, if needed. A good Explanation: of how to configure your code repositories can be found here.

The EC2 instance labeled web_server is the implicit dependency as the aws_eip cannot be created until the aws_instance labeled web_server has been provisioned and the id is available.

Note that aws_s3_bucket.example is an explicit dependency.

See this page on the purpose of Terraform state and the benefits it provides.

Terraform requires some sort of database to map Terraform config to the real world. When you have a resource in your configuration, Terraform uses this map to know how that resource is represented. Therefore, to map configuration to resources in the real world, Terraform uses its own state structure.

Reference links:-

https://learn.hashicorp.com/vault/day-one/monitor-replication

https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/internals/replication

The .gitignore file should be configured to ignore Terraform files that either contain sensitive data or aren't required to save.

The terraform.tfstate file contains the terraform state of a specific environment and doesn't need to be preserved in a repo. The terraform.tfvars file may contain sensitive data, such as passwords or IP addresses of an environment that you may not want to share with others.

Terraform is available for macOS, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, Linux, Solaris, Windows

https://www.terraform.io/downloads.html

Namespaces are isolated environments that functionally exist as "Vaults within a Vault." They have separate login paths and support creating and managing data isolated to their namespace. This data includes the following:

- Secret Engines

- Auth Methods

- Policies

- Identities (Entities, Groups)

- Tokens

Reference link:- https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/enterprise/namespaces

Anyone can develop and distribute their own Terraform providers. (See Writing Custom Providers for more about provider development.) These third-party providers must be manually installed, since terraform init cannot automatically download them.

https://www.terraform.io/docs/configuration/providers.html#third-party-plugins

Providers are plugins released on a separate rhythm from Terraform itself, and so they have their own version numbers. For production use, you should constrain the acceptable provider version via configuration. This helps to ensure that new versions with potentially breaking changes will not be automatically installed by terraform init in the future.

Replication is not available in open-source versions of Vault. It is an enterprise feature.

The terraform console command provides an interactive console for evaluating expressions.

https://www.terraform.io/docs/commands/console.html

When data is encrypted using Vault, the resulting ciphertext is prepended by the version of the key used to encrypt it. In this case, the version is v2, which means that the encryption key was rotated at least one time. Any data that was encrypted with the original key would have been prepended with vault:v1

To rotate a key, use the command vault write -f transit/keys//rotate

Reference link:- https://learn.hashicorp.com/vault/encryption-as-a-service/eaas-transit

The userpass auth method uses a local database that cannot interact with any services outside of the Vault instance.

It is generally considered a best practice to not persist root tokens. Instead, a root token should be generated using Vault's operator generate-root command only when absolutely necessary.

For day-to-day operations, the root token should be deleted after configuring other auth methods which will be used by admins and Vault clients.

The root token should never be used on a day-to-day basis and should always be revoked once a permanent auth method has been configured.

~> 1.2.0 will match any non-beta version of the provider between >= 1.2.0 and < 1.3.0. For example, 1.2.X

https://www.terraform.io/docs/configuration/modules.html#gt-1-2-0-1

zipmap constructs a map from a list of keys and a corresponding list of values. A map is denoted by { } whereas a list is donated by [ ].

https://www.terraform.io/docs/configuration/functions/zipmap.html

Within each datacenter, we have a mixture of clients and servers. It is expected that there be between three to five servers. This strikes a balance between availability in the case of failure and performance, as consensus gets progressively slower as more machines are added. However, there is no limit to the number of clients, and they can easily scale into the thousands or tens of thousands.

Server or Leader - It indicates whether the agent is running in server or client mode. Server nodes participate in the consensus quorum, storing cluster state, and handling queries. At any given time, the peer set elects a single node to be the leader. The leader is responsible for ingesting new log entries, replicating to followers, and managing when an entry is considered committed.

Client or Follower - Client nodes make up the majority of the cluster, and they are very lightweight as they interface with the server nodes for most operations and maintain a very little state of their own.

Reference link:- https://www.consul.io/docs/internals/architecture.html

Currently, Terraform has no mechanism to redact or protect secrets that are returned via data sources, so secrets read via this provider will be persisted into the Terraform state, into any plan files, and in some cases in the console output produced while planning and applying. These artifacts must, therefore, all be protected accordingly.

A terraform list is a sequence of values identified by consecutive whole numbers starting with zero.

https://www.terraform.io/docs/configuration/types.html#structural-types

The Active Directory secrets engine rotates Active Directory passwords dynamically. It does not, however, dynamically generate the AD account. The AD account must exist prior to configuring it in Vault. If it does not, the configuration will fail, stating that the account doesn't exist.

Reference link:- https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/secrets/ad

The terraform plan command is used to create an execution plan. Terraform performs a refresh, unless explicitly disabled, and then determines what actions are necessary to achieve the desired state specified in the configuration files.

After a plan has been run, it can be executed by running a terraform apply

When reading a dynamic secret, such as via vault read, Vault always returns a lease_id. This is the ID used with commands such as vault lease renew and vault lease revoke to manage the lease of the secret.

vault lease lookup

Usage: vault lease [options] [args]

This command groups subcommands for interacting with leases. Users can revoke or renew leases.

Renew a lease:

$ vault lease renew database/creds/readonly/2f6a614c...

Revoke a lease:

$ vault lease revoke database/creds/readonly/2f6a614c...

Subcommands:

renew Renews the lease of a secret

revoke Revokes leases and secrets

Reference link:- https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/concepts/lease

Check below link for details:- https://learn.hashicorp.com/vault/operations/ops-reference-architecture

This endpoint returns high-quality random bytes of the specified length.