NGFW-Engineer Exam Dumps - Palo Alto Networks Next-Generation Firewall Engineer

In an active/passive HA setup, the recommended process for upgrading involves minimizing downtime and ensuring traffic continuity by using the failover process:

Suspend the active firewall: This triggers a failover to the passive unit, making it the active unit.

Upgrade the former passive (now active) unit: With traffic now running on the previously passive unit, upgrade the suspended unit while the active unit continues handling traffic.

Confirm proper operation: Once the upgrade is complete, verify that the upgraded unit is functioning properly.

Fail traffic back: Once the upgraded firewall is confirmed to be working, fail the traffic back to the original active unit and upgrade the remaining firewall.

In the context of GlobalProtect with certificate-based authentication, certificate profiles are used to ensure proper validation of the certificates. They perform the following functions:

Define trust anchors, which are the root and intermediate Certificate Authorities (CAs) that the firewall trusts to authenticate certificates.

Specify revocation checks, such as CRL (Certificate Revocation List) and OCSP (Online Certificate Status Protocol), to ensure that the certificates being used have not been revoked.

Map certificate attributes, such as the Common Name (CN), which helps in authenticating users and devices based on their certificates.

The Transient zone type is used to allow traffic between zones in different virtual systems (VSYS) on a Palo Alto Networks firewall without the traffic leaving the firewall. It provides a way for virtual systems to communicate with each other by acting as a temporary or intermediary zone. Traffic can pass through the firewall between the virtual systems without requiring physical interfaces or leaving the device.

The phases of the Palo Alto Networks AI Runtime Security: Network Intercept solution are designed to help identify and protect against potential threats in real time by using AI to detect and prevent malicious activities within the network.

Discovery: Identifying applications, services, and behaviors within the network to understand baseline activity.

Deployment: Implementing the solution into the network and integrating with existing security measures.

Detection: Monitoring traffic and activities to identify abnormal or malicious behavior.

Prevention: Taking action to stop threats once detected, such as blocking malicious traffic or stopping exploit attempts.

To ensure continuous, secure connectivity and consistent policy enforcement with GlobalProtect in an enterprise environment that uses user- and machine-based certificate authentication, the approach should:

Distribute root and intermediate CAs via Panorama templates: This ensures that all firewalls managed by Panorama share the same trusted certificate authorities for consistency and security.

Use distinct certificate profiles for user vs. machine certificates: This enables separate handling of user and machine authentication, ensuring that both types of certificates are managed and validated appropriately.

Reference an internal OCSP responder: By integrating OCSP checks, the firewall can validate certificate revocation in real-time, meeting the security requirement while minimizing the overhead and latency associated with traditional CRLs (Certificate Revocation Lists).

Automate certificate deployment with Group Policy: This ensures that machine certificates are deployed in a consistent and scalable manner across the enterprise, reducing manual intervention and minimizing user disruption.

This approach supports the requirements for pre-logon, OCSP checks, and minimal user disruption, while maintaining a secure, automated, and consistent authentication process across all firewalls managed via Panorama.