FCSS_EFW_AD-7.6 Exam Dumps - Fortinet NSE 7 - Enterprise Firewall 7.6 Administrator

The excessive DNS log requests with random subdomains suggest a DNS exfiltration attack, where attackers encode and transmit data via DNS queries. Since this technique can use both UDP and TLS (DoH - DNS over HTTPS), a comprehensive security approach is needed.

Using an IPS profile with DNS exfiltration-specific signatures allows FortiGate to:

● Detect and block abnormal DNS query patterns often used in exfiltration.

● Inspect encrypted DNS (DoH, DoT) traffic if SSL inspection is enabled.

● Identify known exfiltration domains and techniques based on FortiGuard threat intelligence.

FortiGate, like other security appliances, cannot analyze encrypted HTTPS traffic unless it decrypts it first. If only certificate inspection is enabled, FortiGate can see the certificate details (such as the domain and issuer) but cannot inspect the actual web content.

To fully analyze the traffic and detect potential malware threats:

● Full SSL inspection (Deep Packet Inspection) must be enabled in the SSL/SSH Inspection Profile.

● This allows FortiGate to decrypt the HTTPS traffic, inspect the content, and then re-encrypt it before forwarding it to the user.

● Without full SSL inspection, threats embedded in encrypted traffic may go undetected.

From the BGP neighbor status output, the key issue is that BGP is stuck in the "Idle" state, meaning the FortiGate is unable to establish a BGP session with its peer 100.65.4.1 (Remote AS 65300).

The output also shows:

● "Not directly connected EBGP" → This means the BGP peer is not on the same subnet, requiring multihop BGP.

● "Update source is Loopback" → Since a loopback interface is used, FortiGate must be configured to allow BGP neighbors over multiple hops.

To resolve this issue, the administrator must enable ebgp-enforce-multihop, which allows BGP sessions to be established even when the neighbors are not directly connected.

The best way to automate a firewall policy using a daily updated list of IP addresses is by using an external connector from Threat Feeds. This allows FortiGate to dynamically retrieve real-time threat intelligence from external sources and apply it directly to security policies.

By configuring Threat Feeds, the administrator can:

● Automatically update firewall policies with the latest malicious IPs daily.

● Block traffic from those IPs in real-time without manual intervention.

● Integrate with FortiGuard, third-party threat intelligence sources, or custom feeds (CSV, STIX/TAXII, etc.).

In an ADVPN (Auto-Discovery VPN) network, a dynamic VPN tunnel is established on-demand between spokes to optimize traffic flow and reduce latency.

Process:

1. Traffic Initiation:

A client behind Spoke-1 sends traffic to a device behind Spoke-2.

The traffic initially flows through the hub, following the pre-established overlay tunnel.

2. Hub Detection:

The hub detects that Spoke-1 is communicating with Spoke-2 and determines that a direct shortcut tunnel between the spokes can optimize the connection.

3. Shortcut Offer:

The hub sends a "Shortcut Offer" message to Spoke-1, informing it that a direct dynamic tunnel to Spoke-2 is possible.

4. Tunnel Establishment:

Spoke-1 and Spoke-2 then negotiate and establish a direct IPsec tunnel for communication.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract of Enterprise Firewall 7.6 Administrator documents:

Based on the FortiOS 7.6 Administration Guide and the HA Virtual Clustering documentation, the exhibit demonstrates a Virtual Clustering environment where multiple VDOMs are distributed across an HA cluster.

In a virtual cluster setup, VDOMs are assigned to either virtual cluster 1 (vcluster 1) or virtual cluster 2 (vcluster 2). Each virtual cluster has its own independent primary unit selection process. The primary unit for a virtual cluster is determined based on the standard HA selection criteria: Monitored Interfaces > HA Uptime > Priority > Serial Number.

According to the exhibit:

Virtual Cluster 1 (edit 1) contains VDOMs "Core1" and "root".

Virtual Cluster 2 (edit 2) contains VDOM "Core2".

The HA uptime is stated to be the same for both devices.

For edit 2 (Core2), HQ-NGFW-1 has a priority of 150, while HQ-NGFW-2 has a priority of 120.

In both units, override is disabled (default).

Since the uptime is equal and no monitored interfaces are down, the cluster uses the Priority value to select the primary unit for each vcluster. Currently, HQ-NGFW-1 is the primary for Core2 because its priority (150) is higher than HQ-NGFW-2's (120). To ensure HQ-NGFW-2 handles the Core2 traffic, its priority for virtual cluster 2 must be increased to a value higher than 150. Option C (changing the priority from 120 to 200) achieves this.

VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN) is an overlay network technology that extends Layer 2 networks over Layer 3 infrastructure. When VXLAN is used extensively on FortiGate, hardware acceleration is crucial for maintaining performance.

● NP7 (Network Processor 7) is Fortinet’s latest network processor designed to accelerate high-performance networking features, including:

● VXLAN encapsulation/decapsulation

● IPsec VPN offloading

● Firewall policy enforcement

● Advanced threat protection at wire speed

NP7 significantly reduces latency and improves throughput when handling VXLAN traffic, making it the best choice for large-scale VXLAN deployments.

Applying an aggressive IPS profile without prior testing can disrupt legitimate applications by incorrectly identifying normal traffic as malicious. To prevent disruptions while still monitoring for threats:

● Enable IPS in "Monitor Mode" first:

● This allows FortiGate to log and analyze potential threats without actively blocking traffic.

● Administrators can review logs and fine-tune IPS signatures to minimize false positives before switching to blocking mode.

● Verify and adjust signature patterns:

● Some signatures might trigger unnecessary blocks for legitimate application traffic.

● By analyzing logs, administrators can disable or modify specific rules causing false positives.