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CTFL-Foundation Exam Dumps - ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level

Question # 4

Risks should be constantly reviewed. Given the current situation, which one of the following factors is most likely to lead to a revised view of product risk? 3 credits

A.

The concerns over the user interface may lead to changes to the interface which cannot be implemented by development in time for the second test iteration.

B.

The concerns over the user interface raises the likelihood of a risk in that area and increases the amount of test effort needed for the user interface, thereby limiting the test effort available for other parts of the test management tool.

C.

The delivery of the application without the interface changes may upset the user community.

D.

The method used for test estimation is not accurate enough and hence the money spent on testing exceeded its budget.

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Question # 5

Given is the following defect removal chart reported at the end of system testing - showing total defects detected and closed defects (fixed and successfully retested). A number of open defects are classified as critical. All tests have been executed.

Based on the chart above, what is the most appropriate next test phase? 1 credit

A.

Acceptance testing to verify the business process

B.

Acceptance testing to verify operational requirements

C.

Requirements testing as part of testing regulatory compliance

D.

Another system test cycle to verify defect resolution

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Question # 6

Model characteristics:

Which THREE of the below mentioned characteristics relate to TMMi? 1 credit

A.

5 maturity levels

B.

Focussed on higher level testing

C.

20 key areas

D.

Highly related to CMMI

E.

Continuous model

F.

Staged model

G.

Focussed on component and integration testing

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Question # 7

Comparing TMMi and TPI, which is not a valid reason for choosing either TPI or TMMi? 2 credits

A.

If the scope of test performance improvement covers all test levels, TMMi is preferred since TPI focusses mainly on black-box testing.

B.

If the organization is already applying CMMI, TMMi may be preferred since it has the same structure and uses the same terminology. TMMi addresses management commitment very strongly and is therefore more suitable to support a top-down improvement process.

C.

TPI is much more a bottom-up model that is suitable for addressing test topics for a specific (test) project.

D.

TMMi can only be used with the traditional V model,whereas TPI can be used with all types of software life cycles.

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Question # 8

Which one of the following estimation approaches is appropriate at this stage of the project? 2 credits

A.

Create an estimate based on the function point analysis technique and test point analysis

B.

Create an estimate based on the complexity of the code

C.

Create an estimate based on the credentials of the successful bidder

D.

Create an estimate based on a percentage of the development effort

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Question # 9

Part of the testing strategy indicates that you are going to be using systematic test design techniques. Your manager has asked that you present the main advantages of using these techniques at the next board meeting. Identify THREE main benefits of using systematic test design techniques within this company. 2 credits (for 2 out of 3 correct 1 credit)

A.

Easier to quickly adapt testing to changing requirements compared to experienced-based testing

B.

Targets certain types of faults

C.

Will guide experienced testers to find defects

D.

Provides a way to differentiate depth of testing based on product risks by using different techniques

E.

More enhanced documentation and therefore higher repeatability and reproducibility

F.

Will make non-systematic testing redundant

G.

Will reduce the need for early reviews

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Question # 10

Why might a RAD approach be a better option for the test manager rather than a sequential development? 2 credits

A.

It will extend the development team’s abilities and enhance future delivery capabilities.

B.

It will allow the marketing, clerical and testing staff to validate and verify the early screen prototypes.

C.

Time-box constraints will guarantee code releases are delivered on schedule.

D.

More time can be spent on test execution as less formal documentation is required.

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Question # 11

Evaluate the status of the project against the defined exit criteria. Which of the following options shows the correct status? 2 credits

A.

Criteria A = OK, criteria B = OK, criteria C = OK

B.

Criteria A = NOT OK, criteria B = NOT OK, criteria C = OK

C.

Criteria A = OK, criteria B = NOT OK, criteria C = NOT OK

D.

Criteria A = NOT OK, criteria B = NOT OK, criteria C = NOT OK

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Question # 12

Which test management control option is most appropriate to adopt under these circumstances? 2 credits

A.

Introduce mandatory evening and weekend working to retrieve the 3 week slippage.

B.

Reconsider the exit criteria and review the test plan in the context of the current situation.

C.

Advise the user community regarding the reduced scope of requirements and the additional incremental delivery.

D.

Arrange a meeting with the user community representatives to discuss the user interface.

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Question # 13

Which of the following is least likely to be used as a technique to identify project and product risks? 1 credit

A.

Brainstorming

B.

Inspections

C.

Expert interviews

D.

Independent assessments

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Question # 14

Designing the test environment set-up and identifying any required infrastructure and tools are a part of which phase:

A.

Test Implementation and execution

B.

Test Analysis and Design

C.

Evaluating the Exit Criteria and reporting

D.

Test Closure Activities

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Question # 15

In addition to risk, identify TWO other components of a testing strategy. 1 credit

A.

The entry and exit criteria for each test phase

B.

Test training needs for the project resources

C.

The test design techniques to be used

D.

Test performance indicators

E.

The test schedule

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Question # 16

You have been asked to write a testing strategy for the company. Which statement best explains how risk can be addressed within the testing strategy? 1 credit

A.

A test strategy should address identified generic product risks and present a process for mitigating those risks in line with the testing policy.

B.

A test strategy identifies the specific product for a project risk and defines the approach for the test project.

C.

A test strategy is derived from the test policy and describes the way risk assessments are performed in projects.

D.

A test strategy is the result of a project risk analysis and defines the approach and resources for testing.

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Question # 17

Which of the following is a benefit of independent testing? 1 credit

A.

Code cannot be released into production until independent testing is complete.

B.

Testing is isolated from development.

C.

Independent testers find different defects and are unbiased.

D.

Developers do not have to take as much responsibility for quality.

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Question # 18

Considerable attention will be given in this project to defining exit criteria and on reporting back on their status. Which combination of TWO exit criteria from the list would be best to use? 1 credit

I. Total number of defects found

II. Percentage of test cases executed

III. Total test effort planned versus total actual test effort spent

IV. Defect trend (number of defects found per test run over time

A.

(i) and (ii)

B.

(i) and (iv)

C.

(ii) and (iii)

D.

(ii) and (iv)

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Question # 19

Since the system is in the medical domain and therefore in the safety critical area, testing needs to be rigorous and evidence is required that the system has been adequately tested. Identify THREE measures that would typically be part of the test approach in this domain and which are not always applicable in other domains! 1 credit

A.

High level of documentation

B.

Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) sessions

C.

Traceability to requirements

D.

Non-functional testing

E.

Master test planning

F.

Test design techniques

G.

Reviews

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Question # 20

A live defect has been found where a code component fails to release memory after it has finished using it.

Which of the following tools would have been the MOST effective at detecting this defect prior to live implementation?

A.

Dynamic analysis tool

B.

Monitoring tool

C.

Configuration management tool

D.

Coverage measurement tool

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Question # 21

What would be a test approach regarding the test design techniques to be applied that would fit an item with the highest risk? 2 credits

A.

Component testing: decision testing; System testing: exploratory testing

B.

Component testing: decision testing; System testing: decision table testing

C.

Component testing: statement testing; System testing: equivalence partitioning

D.

Component testing: statement testing; System testing: decision table partitioning

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Question # 22

What is the Risk Priority Number for risk item number 2? 2 credits

A.

16

B.

2

C.

1

D.

63

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Question # 23

Which of the following is a characteristic of good testing in any life cycle model? 1 credit

A.

Analysis and design of tests begins as soon as development is completed.

B.

Some, but not all, development activities have corresponding test activities.

C.

Each test level has test objectives specific to that level.

D.

All document reviews involve the development team.

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Question # 24

As part of the test strategy, entry and exit criteria will be defined for each test level. Which is NOT a valid reason for using entry and exit criteria? 1 credit

A.

The expectation is that development testing is not adequate.

B.

Exit criteria are used to decide on when to stop testing.

C.

Entry and exit criteria are a principal way for getting adequate resources.

D.

Using entry and exit criteria will prevent software that is not or poorly tested from going to the next test level.

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Question # 25

Which of the following are valid reasons for adopting a different life cycle (from the V model), for increments after the first year? 2 credits

i. We do not have a clear understanding of the requirements from a customer perspective.

ii. We see the risk of delivering requested functionality late as being higher than the risk of delivering a lower quality product.

iii. We do not have a budget for additional regression testing which is needed to ensure that existing functionality is not compromised by future iterations.

iv. The company test strategy does not fit well within the V life cycle model.

A.

(i) and (ii)

B.

(i) and (iv)

C.

(ii) and (iii)

D.

(ii) and (iv)

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Question # 26

Within the projects, a master test plan and phase test plan will be used. Following is a list of characteristics applicable for test plans:

a. Any deviation from the procedures described in the test

b. strategy document

c. The overall estimated costs, timescales and resource

d. requirements

e. A detailed schedule of testing activities

f. The development deliverables to be tested

g. Which test staff members (names) will be involved and when

h. Level of requirements coverage achieved

Which TWO of the above mentioned characteristics relate to the phase test plan? 1 credit

A.

a

B.

b

C.

c

D.

d

E.

e

F.

f

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Question # 27

Within the projects, a master test plan and phase test plan will be used. Following is a list of characteristics applicable for test plans:

a. Any deviation from the procedures described in the test strategy document

b. The overall estimated costs, timescales and resource requirements

c. A detailed schedule of testing activities

d. The development deliverables to be tested

e. Which test staff members (names) will be involved and when

f. Level of requirements coverage achieved

Which THREE of the above mentioned characteristics relate to the master test plan? 1 credit

A.

a

B.

b

C.

c

D.

d

E.

e

F.

f

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Question # 28

Which of the following test design techniques is not a black box technique?

A.

Equivalence partitioning

B.

State transition testing

C.

Boundary value analysis

D.

Statement coverage

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Question # 29

Which of the following would you least expect to form part of the analysis of initial tool costs? 1 credit

A.

Integration with other tools

B.

Learning time required to use the new tool

C.

Tool portability

D.

Evaluation of suitable tools

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Question # 30

A number of options have been suggested for the level of independence to be employed for the testing on the next project, and are shown below.

i. External test specialists perform non-functional testing.

ii. Testing is outsourced.

iii. Testing is carried out by the developer.

iv. A separate test team carries out the testing.

v. Testing is performed by the business.

vi. Testing is performed by a different developer.

Which of the following orders the above in a correct order of independence? 1 credit

A.

i, ii, iv, vi

B.

ii, i, v, vi

C.

ii, v, i, iii

D.

i, iv, v, vi

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Question # 31

Which of the following is a valid drawback of independent testing? 1 credit

A.

Developer and independent testing will overlap and waste resources.

B.

Developers loose the sense of responsibility and independent testers may become a bottleneck.

C.

Independent testers need extra education and always cost more.

D.

Independent testers will become a bottleneck and introduce problems in incident management.

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Question # 32

Select THREE issues from the options provided that should at least be raised. 1 credit

A.

Has there been sufficient comparison of tools?

B.

What are the problems we are trying to address?

C.

Do we have a set of tool requirements to validate the tool against?

D.

How will the implementation be organized?

E.

Which project will be selected to perform the tool pilot?

F.

Is customized training available?

G.

How will the change process be managed?

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Question # 33

“How much testing is enough?”

A.

This question is impossible to answer

B.

This question is easy to answer

C.

The answer depends on the risk for your industry, contract and special requirements

D.

This answer depends on the maturity of your developers

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Question # 34

Which of the following is a Black Box test design technique?

A.

Decision Coverage

B.

Error Guessing

C.

Statement Coverage

D.

Equivalence Partitioning

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Question # 35

Regarding the process described above, what is the most important recommendation you would make using IEEE 1044 as a guide? 2 credits

A.

No priority or severity assigned

B.

Incident numbering is manual rather than automated

C.

No mentioning of reproduceability

D.

No classification on type of incident

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Question # 36

Given the following figures for the testing on a project, and assuming the failure rate for initial tests remains constant and that all retests pass, what number of tests remain to be run? 3 credits

A.

700

B.

720

C.

784

D.

570

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Question # 37

Continuing with the Scenario described in the previous question, which of the following topics would you need to address in detail in the master test plan? 3 credits

A.

An approach to regression testing

B.

A list of boundary values for “advance amount”

C.

A description of dependencies between test cases

D.

A logical collection of test cases

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Question # 38

Which of the following statements BEST describes the difference between testing and debugging?

A.

Testing pinpoints (identifies the source of) the defects. Debugging analyzes the faults and proposes prevention activities.

B.

Dynamic testing shows failures caused by defects. Debugging finds, analyzes, and removes the causes of failures in the software.

C.

Testing removes faults. Debugging identifies the causes of failures.

D.

Dynamic testing prevents causes of failures. Debugging removes the failures.

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Question # 39

Which of the following phases in the fundamental test process is considered to deliver a document which can be used as a major input for test process improvement? 1 credit

A.

Test planning and control

B.

Test implementation & execution

C.

Evaluating exit criteria and reporting

D.

Test project closure

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Question # 40

During test process improvement it is recommended to use standards where possible. Standards originate from various sources and they cover different subjects in relation to testing Pick TWO sources of software standards, useful to software testing from the ones mentioned below. 1 credit

A.

ISO 9126-1 ‘Software engineering- Product quality Part 1:

Quality model’ is an international standard, that provides a basis on which to define quality assurance solutions.

B.

ISA 4126-1 ‘Software engineering- Product quality Part 1:

Quality model’ is an international standard, that provides a basis on which to define quality assurance solutions.

C.

BS-7925-2 ‘Software testing. Software component testing is a national standard used internationally. It covers a number of testing techniques that may be useful both on component testing level and on system testing level.

D.

SY-395-01 ‘Standard for East Coast Hospital software’ is a regional standard adapted from a national one. Besides hospital software, this standard ought to be used also by other types of software system in the region.

E.

IEEE 829 ‘standard for software test documentation’ is an international standard to be following mandatory by all testing origination regardless of lifecycle models.

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Question # 41

Identify THREE items that would be part of the work-breakdown structure showing the key testing activities for the acceptance test project. 2 credits (for 2 out of 3 correct 1 credit)

A.

Test planning, test case preparation and test execution for each of the four iterations

B.

Work should be explicitly allocated to test completion, test management, installation and to training on using the system

C.

Activities to deploy the system in the user environment

D.

Regression testing in the second, third and fourth iterations

E.

Development activities for unit and integration testing

F.

Reviews on requirements documentation

G.

Defining test environment requirements for system testing

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Question # 42

You are about to release a test progress report to a senior manager, who is not a test specialist. Which of the following topics should NOT be included in the test progress report? 1 credit

A.

Product risks which have been mitigated and those which are outstanding.

B.

Recommendations for taking controlling actions

C.

Status compared against the started exit criteria

D.

Detailed overview of the risk-based test approach being used to ensure the exit criteria to be achieved

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Question # 43

In addition to introducing the new team member, you have decided to raise motivation. Which of the measures listed below would be the best measure to take in order to increase the motivation of the team? 2 credits

A.

Provide more time for testing in the schedule

B.

Allow people to take some time off

C.

Introduce entry criteria to the testing phase

D.

Organize a meeting with senior management in which they address the importance of good testing for this project

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Question # 44

You are considering involving users during test execution. In general, what is the main reason for involving users during test execution? 1 credit

A.

They are a cheap resource

B.

They have good testing skills

C.

This can serve as a way to build their confidence in the system

D.

They have the ability to also focus on invalid test cases

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Question # 45

Which of the following team roles would be most appropriate to enhance the team and why? 2 credits

A.

A person with the ability to complete tasks

B.

A quality assurance officer

C.

A person with in-depth technical skills

D.

A person who brings new ideas to the team

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