Cloud-Deployment-and-Operations Exam Dumps - WGUCloud Deployment and Operations

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After stopping and starting an EC2 instance, the public IP address may change (unless an Elastic IP is attached), but the security group rules remain intact. If the instance is no longer accessible via SSH, it’s likely due to an inbound rule (e.g., for port 22) not being correctly configured or applied. Adding or verifying a rule in the security group associated with the network interface (NIC) to allow SSH (port 22) from the administrator’s IP resolves this. The WGU Cloud Deployment and Operations Study Guide (Section 3.2, Security Groups) states, "Stopping and starting an EC2 instance may require verifying or adding an inbound SSH rule (port 22) in the security group if connectivity is lost due to IP or rule misconfiguration." Route table or IP changes are not the primary issue here.

The Wait event view in Amazon RDS Performance Insights provides information on hardware resources (e.g., CPU, I/O, memory) that may be causing bottlenecks by showing wait times for database operations. The WGU Cloud Deployment and Operations Study Guide (Section 7.2, Performance Insights) states, "The Wait event view in Performance Insights identifies resource bottlenecks (e.g., I/O wait times) by analyzing wait states, helping optimize database performance on hardware resources." Users, Hosts, and Statement views focus on different aspects and do not directly address hardware bottlenecks.

The `disk_io_time` metric, collected by the CloudWatch agent on EC2 Linux instances, measures the total time (in milliseconds) that read and write requests have waited on I/O, helping to assess disk performance for instance sizing. The WGU Cloud Deployment and Operations Study Guide (Section 4.1, CloudWatch Agent Metrics) states, "The `disk_io_time` metric, available via the CloudWatch agent, tracks the time spent waiting for I/O operations, providing insight into disk contention for optimizing EC2 instance sizing." disk_read_ops, diskio_reads, and diskio_read_bytes measure operation counts or bytes, not wait times.

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The Reachability Analyzer in AWS VPC should be used to troubleshoot connectivity issues from on-premises computers to EC2 instances, especially when a network security group (NSG) is suspected. It analyzes the network path and identifies blocked traffic due to NSG rules or route tables. The WGU Cloud Deployment and Operations Study Guide (Section 3.2, VPC Troubleshooting) states, "Reachability Analyzer helps diagnose connectivity issues by simulating traffic paths, identifying if an NSG rule (e.g., blocked port) or route table is causing the problem from on-premises to EC2 public IPs." Flow Logs provide data but not analysis, PrivateLink is for private connections, and Traffic Mirroring is for monitoring.

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To protect critical data on EBS volumes with a maximum tolerable data loss of one hour, the company should schedule automated volume snapshots using CloudWatch Events. Snapshots capture the state of the volume at a point in time, and regular scheduling (e.g., every hour) ensures data loss is limited to the snapshot interval. The WGU Cloud Deployment and Operations Study Guide (Section 7.3, EBS and Snapshots) states, "Automated EBS snapshots can be scheduled using CloudWatch Events rules to create backups at defined intervals, ensuring an RPO of one hour by capturing volume data regularly." Local storage, Cloud Control backups, and Block Express are not viable solutions for this automated snapshot requirement.