CFE-Financial-Transactions-and-Fraud-Schemes Exam Dumps - Certified Fraud Examiner - Financial Transactions and Fraud Schemes Exam

Detailed Explanation:

Rationale for Correct Answer:This is a tech-support scam, in which fraudsters trick victims into believing their computers are infected and then charge fees for unnecessary or fake repairs. The scam often targets elderly victims.

Analysis of Incorrect Options:

A. Pharming – Redirects users to fake websites, not fake support calls.

B. Bait and switch – Advertising deception, not fraudulent computer support.

D. Smishing – Fraud via SMS text messages, not on-screen computer popups.

Key Concept: Consumer fraud schemes — tech-support scams.

Detailed Explanation:

Rationale for Correct Answer:Trend analysis is one of the most effective ways to detect omitted credits. By analyzing patterns in revenue, expenses, or balances over time, discrepancies such as missing credits become apparent. Forensic examiners rely on comparative financial analysis to identify anomalies that suggest manipulation.

Analysis of Incorrect Options:

A. Forced Balance – Describes concealment, not detection.

C. Expense account – Accounts can be manipulated but are not detection methods.

D. None of all – Incorrect, since trend analysis is correct.

Key Concept:Analytical procedures (trend analysis) in fraud detection.

Detailed Explanation:

Rationale for Correct Answer: Social engineering involves manipulating or deceiving people into revealing confidential information or taking actions that aid the attacker (e.g., clicking malicious links, sharing credentials). It targets human weaknesses rather than technical vulnerabilities.

Analysis of Incorrect Options:

A. IP spoofing – Forging an IP address to disguise origin.

B. Electronic piggybacking – Unauthorized use of someone else’s access connection.

C. Packet sniffing – Monitoring data traffic across a network.

Key Concept: Cyberfraud techniques – social engineering.

Detailed Explanation:

Rationale for Correct Answer:The Asset Turnover Ratio measures how efficiently a company uses its assets to generate revenue. It is calculated as Net Sales ÷ Average Total Assets. Higher ratios indicate better efficiency.

Analysis of Incorrect Options:

A. Quick ratio – Liquidity ratio, not asset efficiency.

B. Receivable turnover ratio – Measures efficiency in collecting receivables, not overall asset use.

C. Debt-to-equity ratio – Capital structure metric, not efficiency.

Key Concept: Financial ratio analysis — asset utilization efficiency.

Detailed Explanation:

Rationale for Correct Answer:This statement is True. Asset misappropriations reduce the organization’s assets. In double-entry accounting, a decrease in assets without a corresponding decrease in liabilities results in a reduction of owner’s equity. Therefore, fraud not only depletes assets but also indirectly reduces equity.

Analysis of Incorrect Options:

B. False – Incorrect because asset theft clearly reduces net assets and thereby equity.

Key Concept:Impact of Asset Misappropriation on the accounting equation: Assets = Liabilities + Equity.

Detailed Explanation:

Rationale for Correct Answer:This statement is True. ACFE research shows that external audits, while valuable, are generally not effective at detecting fraud quickly. Organizations with only external audits often experience higher median losses and longer-lasting schemes compared to those with stronger internal controls and fraud-specific detection mechanisms. External audits are not designed to catch fraud; their focus is on financial statement accuracy.

Key Concept:Effectiveness of External Audits in fraud detection versus prevention and internal controls.