CCSK Exam Dumps - Certificate of Cloud Security Knowledge v5 (CCSKv5.0)

The principle of least privilege limits access to only necessary permissions, reducing the risk of misuse and exposure of sensitive data. Reference: [CCSK v5 Curriculum, Domain 5 - IAM]

The Principle of Least Privilege (PoLP) is a foundational concept in IAM, highlighted in the CSA Security Guidance v4.0 – Domain 12: Identity, Entitlement, and Access Management. It ensures users, systems, and processes are granted only the permissions necessary to perform their tasks — and nothing more.

“Least privilege refers to granting the minimum level of access — or permissions — needed for users or services to perform their required functions, thereby reducing the attack surface and limiting potential damage from misuse or compromise.”

— CSA Security Guidance v4.0, Domain 12

This principle:

Reduces the likelihood of accidental or malicious misuse

Limits damage in the case of credential theft

Supports compliance with least privilege mandates in frameworks like ISO/IEC 27001 and NIST

Incorrect options:

B is related to federation, not least privilege

C involves monitoring and analytics, not permission assignment

D is about defense in depth, which is broader than PoLP

DevOps aims to improve collaboration and integration between development and operations teams, streamlining delivery and enhancing software quality. Reference: [CCSK Study Guide, Domain 10 - DevOps & DevSecOps]

The correct answer isD. Virtual Machines (VMs). In the context of cloud computing,Virtual Machines (VMs)are software-based emulations of physical computers. They run an operating system (OS) and applications just like a physical machine would. VMs are often hosted on physical servers using hypervisors, which allow multiple VMs to run on a single physical machine, thereby sharing resources like CPU, memory, and storage.

Why Virtual Machines (VMs) are Suitable for Data Processing:

Full OS Environment:VMs provide a complete operating system environment, making them suitable for running complex data processing tasks that require specific OS configurations.

Isolation:Each VM operates independently, providing isolation between different workloads, which is essential when processing sensitive or diverse data sets.

Scalability:Cloud providers offer VM scaling options to meet the demands of data processing workloads.

Compatibility:VMs can run legacy applications that may not be compatible with newer cloud-native technologies.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. Platform as a Service (PaaS):PaaS provides a platform for developing and deploying applications without managing underlying infrastructure. It is not directly related to VM-based processing.

B. Serverless Functions (FaaS):Serverless computing abstracts the infrastructure and is used for running discrete functions rather than emulating entire machines.

C. Containers:Containers package applications and dependencies but share the host OS kernel. They are lightweight compared to VMs and do not fully emulate physical computers.

Real-World Example:

If a company moves a data processing application that was traditionally run on an on-premises physical server to the cloud, they might choose VMs on services like AWS EC2, Azure Virtual Machines, or Google Compute Engine to maintain the same OS environment and application compatibility.

The division of security responsibilities changes according to the service model. In IaaS, CSCs handle more security responsibilities, while in SaaS, the CSP manages more of the security aspects. Reference: [Security Guidance v5, Domain 1 - Shared Responsibility Model][17†source].

Correct Option: A. Virtual Private Network (VPN)

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a widely used technology that enables secure communication over untrusted networks like the public Internet. It works by creating an encrypted tunnel between the user's device and the internal private network, thereby ensuring data confidentiality, integrity, and authentication.

From CSA Security Guidance v4.0 – Domain 7: Infrastructure Security:

“Remote access solutions, such as VPNs, are commonly used to provide users with secure access to cloud or on-premises resources. VPNs create encrypted tunnels that protect data in transit, preventing unauthorized disclosure or tampering over public networks.”

— Domain 7: Infrastructure Security, CSA Security Guidance v4.0

This makes VPNs a fundamental security control when users are working remotely and need access to sensitive or internal systems.

Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:

B. Domain Name System (DNS)➤ DNS translates domain names to IP addresses. It does not provide encryption or secure tunneling.

C. Network Address Translation (NAT)➤ NAT modifies IP address information but does not encrypt data or create tunnels.

D. Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN)➤ VLANs segment network traffic within a LAN. They do not secure remote communications over the Internet.