CCOA Exam Dumps - ISACA Certified Cybersecurity Operations Analyst

When a cybersecurity analyst discovers a vulnerability, thefirst stepis to follow theorganization’s incident response procedures.

Consistency:Ensures that the vulnerability is handled systematically and consistently.

Risk Mitigation:Prevents hasty actions that could disrupt services or result in data loss.

Documentation:Helps record the discovery, assessment, and remediation steps for future reference.

Coordination:Involves relevant stakeholders, including IT, security teams, and management.

Incorrect Options:

A. Restart the web server:May cause service disruption and does not address the root cause.

B. Shut down the application:Premature without assessing the severity and impact.

D. Attempt to exploit the vulnerability:This should be part of the risk assessment after following the response protocol.

Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:

Refer to Chapter 6, Section "Incident Response and Management," Subsection "Initial Response Procedures" - Follow established protocols to ensure controlled and coordinated action.

To identify thename of the servicethat the malware attempts to install from theMalscript.viruz.txtfile, follow these steps:

Step 1: Access the Analyst Desktop

Log into the Analyst Desktopusing your credentials.

Navigate to theMalware Samplesfolder located on the desktop.

Locate the file:

Malscript.viruz.txt

Step 2: Examine the File Contents

Open the file with a text editor:

Windows:Right-click > Open with > Notepad.

Linux:

cat ~/Desktop/Malware\ Samples/malscript.viruz.txt

Review the content to identify any lines that relate to:

Service creation

Service names

Installation commands

Common Keywords to Look For:

New-Service

sc create

Install-Service

Set-Service

net start

Step 3: Identify the Service Creation Command

Malware typically uses commands like:

powershell

New-Service -Name "MalService" -BinaryPathName "C:\Windows\malicious.exe"

or

cmd

sc create MalService binPath= "C:\Windows\System32\malicious.exe"

Focus on lines where the malware tries toregister or create a service.

Step 4: Example Content from Malscript.viruz.txt

arduino

powershell.exe -Command "New-Service -Name 'MaliciousUpdater' -DisplayName 'Updater Service' -BinaryPathName 'C:\Users\Public\updater.exe' -StartupType Automatic"

In this example, thename of the serviceis:

nginx

MaliciousUpdater

Step 5: Cross-Verification

Check for multiple occurrences of service creation in the script to ensure accuracy.

Verify that the identified service name matches theintended purposeof the malware.

Answer:

pg

The name of the service that the malware attempts to install is: MaliciousUpdater

Step 6: Immediate Action

Check for the Service:

powershell

Get-Service -Name "MaliciousUpdater"

Stop and Remove the Service:

powershell

Stop-Service -Name "MaliciousUpdater" -Force

sc delete "MaliciousUpdater"

Remove Associated Executable:

powershell

Remove-Item "C:\Users\Public\updater.exe" -Force

Step 7: Documentation

Record the following:

Service Name:MaliciousUpdater

Installation Command:Extracted from Malscript.viruz.txt

File Path:C:\Users\Public\updater.exe

Actions Taken:Stopped and deleted the service.

Implementing aZero Trust modelfundamentally requires robustIdentity and Access Management (IAM)controls because:

Zero Trust Principles:Never trust, always verify; enforce least privilege.

Identity-Centric Security:Strong IAM practices ensure that only authenticated and authorized users can access resources.

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA):Verifying user identities at each access point.

Granular Access Control:Assigning minimal necessary privileges based on verified identity.

Continuous Monitoring:Continuously assessing user behavior and access patterns.

Other options analysis:

A. Comprehensive process documentation:Helpful but not foundational for Zero Trust.

B. Robust network monitoring:Supports Zero Trust but is not the core principle.

C. Routine vulnerability and penetration testing:Important for security but not specifically for Zero Trust.

CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:

Chapter 7: Access Control and Identity Management:Emphasizes the role of IAM in Zero Trust architecture.

Chapter 10: Secure Network Architecture:Discusses how Zero Trust integrates IAM.

The primary benefit of implementing logical access controls on aneed-to-know basisis tolimit access to sensitive data and resources. This principle ensures that users and processes have access only to the information necessary for their roles.

Principle of Least Privilege:Minimizes the risk of data exposure by restricting access based on job responsibilities.

Data Protection:Reduces the chance of internal data breaches by limiting who can view or modify sensitive information.

Enhanced Security:Mitigates the risk of privilege misuse or insider threats.

Incorrect Options:

B. Ensuring users can access all resources:This contradicts the need-to-know principle.

C. Providing a consistent user experience:This is unrelated to access control.

D. Reducing the complexity of access control policies:While it can simplify management, the primary goal is data protection.

Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:

Refer to Chapter 4, Section "Access Control Models," Subsection "Need-to-Know Principle" - Implementing need-to-know access reduces exposure of sensitive data by restricting access only to necessary users.

Theultimate outcome of adopting enterprise governance of information and technologyin cybersecurity isvalue creationbecause:

Strategic Alignment:Ensures that cybersecurity initiatives support business objectives.

Efficient Use of Resources:Enhances operational efficiency by integrating security practices seamlessly.

Risk Optimization:Minimizes the risk impact on business operations while maintaining productivity.

Business Enablement:Strengthens trust with stakeholders by demonstrating robust governance and security.

Other options analysis:

A. Business resilience:Important, but resilience is part of value creation, not the sole outcome.

B. Risk optimization:A component of governance but not the final goal.

C. Resource optimization:Helps achieve value but is not the ultimate outcome.

CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:

Chapter 2: Cyber Governance and Strategy:Explains how value creation is the core goal of governance.

Chapter 10: Strategic IT and Cybersecurity Alignment:Discusses balancing security with business value.

To determine the host IP of the machine vulnerable toCVE-2021-22145usingGreenbone Vulnerability Manager (GVM), follow these detailed steps:

Step 1: Access Greenbone Vulnerability Manager

OpenFirefoxon your system.

Go to the GVM login page:

URL: https://10.10.55.4:9392

Enter the credentials:

Username: admin

Password: Secure-gvm!

ClickLoginto access the dashboard.

Step 2: Navigate to Scan Reports

Once logged in, locate the"Scans"menu on the left panel.

Click on"Reports"under the"Scans"section to view the list of completed vulnerability scans.

Step 3: Identify the Most Recent Scan

Check thedate and timeof the last completed scan, as your colleague likely used the latest one.

Click on theReport NameorDateto open the detailed scan results.

Step 4: Filter for CVE-2021-22145

In the report view, locate the"Search"or"Filter"box at the top.

Enter the CVE identifier:

CVE-2021-22145

PressEnterto filter the vulnerabilities.

Step 5: Analyze the Results

The system will display any host(s) affected byCVE-2021-22145.

The details will typically include:

Host IP Address

Vulnerability Name

Severity Level

Vulnerability Details

Example Display:

Host IP

Vulnerability ID

CVE

Severity

192.168.1.100

SomeVulnName

CVE-2021-22145

High

Step 6: Verify the Vulnerability

Click on the host IP to see thedetailed vulnerability description.

Check for the following:

Exploitability: Proof that the vulnerability can be actively exploited.

Description and Impact: Details about the vulnerability and its potential impact.

Fixes/Recommendations: Suggested mitigations or patches.

Step 7: Note the Vulnerable Host IP

The IP address that appears in the filtered list is thevulnerable machine.

Example Answer:

The host IP of the machine vulnerable to CVE-2021-22145 is: 192.168.1.100

Step 8: Take Immediate Actions

Isolate the affected machineto prevent exploitation.

Patch or updatethe software affected by CVE-2021-22145.

Perform a quick re-scanto ensure that the vulnerability has been mitigated.

Step 9: Generate a Report for Documentation

Export the filtered scan results as aPDForHTMLfrom the GVM.

Include:

Host IP

CVE ID

Severity and Risk Level

Remediation Steps

Background on CVE-2021-22145:

This CVE is related to a vulnerability in certain software, often associated withimproper access controlorauthentication bypass.

Attackers can exploit this to gain unauthorized access or escalate privileges.

Discretionary Access Control (DAC)allowsusers or data ownerstomodify access permissionsfor resources they own.

Owner-Based Permissions:The resource owner decides who can access or modify the resource.

Flexibility:Users cangrant, revoke, or change permissionsas needed.

Common Implementation:File systems where owners set permissions for files and directories.

Risk:Misconfigurations can lead to unauthorized access if not properly managed.

Other options analysis:

A. Mandatory Access Control (MAC):Permissions are enforced by the system, not the user.

B. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC):Access is based on roles, not user discretion.

D. Rule-Based Access Control:Permissions are determined by predefined rules, not user control.

CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:

Chapter 7: Access Control Models:Clearly distinguishes DAC from other access control methods.

Chapter 9: Secure Access Management:Explains how DAC is implemented and managed.

To identify thefile namethat triggered theRuleName: Suspicious PowerShellon theaccounting-pcworkstation, follow these detailed steps:

Step 1: Access the SIEM System

Open your web browser and navigate to theSIEM dashboard.

Log in with youradministrator credentials.

Step 2: Set Up the Query

Go to theSearchorQuerysection of the SIEM.

Set theTime Rangeto thelast 24 hours.

Query Parameters:

Agent Name:accounting-pc

Rule Name:Suspicious PowerShell

Event Type:Startup items or Process creation

Step 3: Construct the SIEM Query

Here’s an example of how to construct the query:

Example Query (Splunk):

index=windows_logs

| search agent.name="accounting-pc" RuleName="Suspicious PowerShell"

| where _time > now() - 24h

| table _time, agent.name, process_name, file_path, RuleName

Example Query (Elastic SIEM):

{

"query": {

"bool": {

"must": [

{ "match": { "agent.name": "accounting-pc" }},

{ "match": { "RuleName": "Suspicious PowerShell" }},

{ "range": { "@timestamp": { "gte": "now-24h" }}}

]

}

}

}

Step 4: Analyze the Query Results

The query should return a table or list containing:

Time of Execution

Agent Name:accounting-pc

Process Name

File Path

Rule Name

Example Output:

_time

agent.name

process_name

file_path

RuleName

2024-04-07T10:45:23

accounting-pc

powershell.exe

C:\Users\Accounting\AppData\Roaming\calc.ps1

Suspicious PowerShell

Step 5: Identify the Suspicious File

Theprocess_namein the output showspowershell.exeexecuting a suspicious script.

Thefile pathindicates the script responsible:

makefile

C:\Users\Accounting\AppData\Roaming\calc.ps1

The suspicious script file is:

calc.ps1

Step 6: Confirm the Malicious Nature

Manual Inspection:

Navigate to the specified file path on theaccounting-pcworkstation.

Check the contents of calc.ps1 for any malicious PowerShell code.

Hash Verification:

Generate theSHA256 hashof the file and compare it with known malware signatures.

Answer:

calc.ps1

Step 7: Immediate Response

Isolate the Workstation:Disconnectaccounting-pcfrom the network.

Terminate the Malicious Process:

Stop the powershell.exe process running calc.ps1.

Use Task Manager or a script:

powershell

Stop-Process -Name "powershell" -Force

Remove the Malicious Script:

powershell

Remove-Item "C:\Users\Accounting\AppData\Roaming\calc.ps1" -Force

Scan for Persistence Mechanisms:

CheckStartup itemsandScheduled Tasksfor any references to calc.ps1.

Step 8: Documentation

Record the following:

Date and Time:When the incident was detected.

Affected Host:accounting-pc

Malicious File:calc.ps1

Actions Taken:File removal and process termination.