220-1102 Exam Dumps - CompTIA A+ Certification Core 2 Exam

Windows 10 Enterprise is an edition of Windows 10 that is designed for large organizations that need advanced security and management features. Windows 10 Enterprise can be activated using different methods, such as Multiple Activation Key (MAK), Active Directory-based Activation (ADBA), or Key Management Service (KMS)1. KMS is a method of activation that uses a local server to activate multiple devices on a network. KMS activations are valid for 180 days and need to be renewed periodically by connecting to the KMS server2. If a device does not renew its activation within 180 days, it will enter a grace period of 30 days, after which it will display a warning message and lose some functionality until it is reactivated3. The other editions of Windows 10 do not require reactivation every 180 days. Windows 10 Pro for Workstation is an edition of Windows 10 that is designed for high-performance devices that need advanced features such as ReFS file system, persistent memory, and faster file sharing. Windows 10 Pro for Workstation can be activated using a digital license or a product key. Windows 10 Home is an edition of Windows 10 that is designed for personal or home use. Windows 10 Home can be activated using a digital license or a product key. Windows 10 Pro is an edition of Windows 10 that is designed for business or professional use. Windows 10 Pro can be activated using a digital license or a product key. None of these editions require reactivation every 180 days unless there are significant hardware changes or other issues that affect the activation status.

 Windows Home is the most likely edition of Windows installed on the machines that do not have the domain join option. Windows Home is a consumer-oriented edition that does not support joining a domain or using Group Policy. Only Windows Professional, Education, and Enterprise editions can join a domain

Malware is software that infects computer systems to damage, disable or exploit the computer or network for various malicious purposes5. Malware is typically distributed via email attachments, fake internet ads, infected applications or websites, and often relies on user interaction to execute6. Therefore, one of the most effective ways to prevent malware infections is to educate the end user about the common signs and sources of malware, and how to avoid them7. Configuring the firewall, restoring the system from backups, and updating the antivirus program are also important security measures, but they do not address the root cause of the user’s repeated infections, which is likely due to a lack of awareness or caution.

References5: Malware: what it is, how it works, and how to stop it - Norton6: How to Prevent Malware: 15 Best Practices for Malware Prevention7: 10 Security Tips for How to Prevent Malware Infections - Netwrix

VNC (Virtual Network Computing) is a protocol that allows a technician to simultaneously view and control a user’s screen remotely. VNC uses a server-client model, where the user’s computer runs a VNC server and the technician’s computer runs a VNC client. VNC can work across different platforms and operating systems3. SSH (Secure Shell) is a protocol that allows a technician to access a user’s command-line interface remotely, but not their graphical user interface. VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a technology that creates a secure and encrypted connection over a public network, but does not allow screen sharing. RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) is a protocol that allows a technician to access a user’s desktop remotely, but not simultaneously with the user.

Open-ended questions are questions that require more than a yes or no answer and encourage the customer to provide more details and information. Using open-ended questions can help the support technician to understand the problem better, identify the root cause, and find a suitable solution. Some examples of open-ended questions are:

• What exactly is not working on your machine?
• When did you notice the problem?
• How often does the problem occur?
• What were you doing when the problem happened?
• What have you tried to fix the problem?

Offering to wipe and reset the device for the customer is not a good option, as it may result in data loss and inconvenience for the customer. It should be used as a last resort only if other troubleshooting steps fail. Advising that the help desk will investigate and follow up at a later date is not a good option, as it may leave the customer unsatisfied and frustrated. It should be used only if the problem requires further research or escalation and cannot be resolved on the first call. Putting the customer on hold and escalating the call to a manager is not a good option, as it may waste time and resources. It should be used only if the problem is beyond the support technician’s scope or authority and requires managerial intervention.

When a Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) appears on a Windows workstation, it indicates that there is a serious problem with the operating system. The stop code displayed on the BSOD can provide valuable information to help determine the cause of the issue. The stop code is a specific error code that is associated with the BSOD, and it can help identify the root cause of the problem.

In this scenario, the user has encountered a BSOD and has restarted the PC, only to see the BSOD reappear. This suggests that the problem is persistent and requires further investigation. By analyzing the stop code displayed on the BSOD, a technician can begin to identify the underlying issue and take appropriate actions to resolve it.

The tool that the technician should use to resolve the connection issues with the third-party USB adapter is devmgmt.msc. Devmgmt.msc is a command that opens the Device Manager, which is a utility that allows users to view and manage the hardware devices and drivers installed on a computer. The technician can use the Device Manager to check the status, properties and compatibility of the USB adapter and its driver, and perform actions such as updating, uninstalling or reinstalling the driver, enabling or disabling the device, or scanning for hardware changes. Taskschd.msc is a command that opens the Task Scheduler, which is a utility that allows users to create and manage tasks that run automatically at specified times or events. The Task Scheduler is not relevant or useful for resolving connection issues with the USB adapter. Eventvwr.msc is a command that opens the Event Viewer, which is a utility that allows users to view and monitor the system logs and events. The Event Viewer may provide some information or clues about the connection issues with the USB adapter, but it does not allow users to manage or troubleshoot the device or its driver directly. Diskmgmt.msc is a command that opens the Disk Management, which is a utility that allows users to view and manage the disk drives and partitions on a computer. The Disk Management is not relevant or useful for resolving connection issues with the USB adapter. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 1.6

When troubleshooting boot times for a user, a technician may want to check which programs are starting with the operating system to identify any that may be slowing down the boot process. MSConfig is a tool that can be used to view startup items on a Windows system, but it may not always be available or functional.

In this scenario, the technician receives a message that MSConfig cannot be used to view startup items. As an alternative, the technician can use Task Manager (taskmgr), which can also display the programs that run at startup. To access the list of startup items in Task Manager, the technician can follow these steps:

• Open Task Manager by pressing Ctrl+Shift+Esc.
• Click the "Startup" tab.
• The list of programs that run at startup will be displayed.

The most likely cause of the user’s issue of applications opening without being launched and browser redirects when trying to go to certain websites is malware. Malware is a general term that refers to any software or code that is malicious or harmful to a computer or system. Malware can perform various unwanted or unauthorized actions on a computer or system, such as opening applications, redirecting browsers, displaying ads, stealing data, encrypting files or damaging hardware. Malware can infect a computer or system through various means, such as email attachments, web downloads, removable media or network connections. Keylogger is a type of malware that records and transmits the keystrokes made by a user on a keyboard. Keylogger can be used to steal personal or sensitive information, such as passwords, credit card numbers or chat messages. Keylogger does not typically open applications or redirect browsers but only captures user inputs. Cryptominers are a type of malware that use the computing resources of a computer or system to mine cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin or Ethereum. Cryptominers can degrade the performance and increase the power consumption of a computer or system. Cryptominers do not typically open applications or redirect browsers but only consume CPU or GPU cycles. Virus is a type of malware that infects and replicates itself on other files or programs on a computer or system.

The tool that the technician will most likely use to remotely connect to a Linux desktop is VNC. VNC stands for Virtual Network Computing and is a protocol that allows remote access and control of a graphical desktop environment over a network. VNC is natively designed for Linux and can also support other operating systems, such as Windows and Mac OS. VNC can be used to assist users with troubleshooting by viewing and interacting with their desktops remotely. MFA stands for Multi-Factor Authentication and is a method of verifying identity using two or more factors, such as something you know, something you have or something you are. MFA is not a tool that can be used to remotely connect to a Linux desktop but a technique that can be used to enhance security for systems or services. MSRA stands for Microsoft Remote Assistance and is a feature that allows remote access and control of a Windows desktop environment over a network. MSRA is not natively designed for Linux and may not be compatible or supported by Linux systems. RDP stands for Remote Desktop Protocol and is a protocol that allows remote access and control of a Windows desktop environment over a network. RDP is not natively designed for Linux and may not be compatible or supported by Linux systems. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 1.6

The account access level the user will need to access advanced features and configuration settings for several applications while adhering to corporate policy requiring a least privilege environment is a standard account. This is because a standard account allows the user to access advanced features and configuration settings for several applications while adhering to corporate policy requiring a least privilege environment1.

When it comes to disposing of used printer consumables , it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions or guidelines for proper disposal, as different types of consumables may require different disposal procedures. Some manufacturers provide specific instructions for proper disposal, such as sending the used consumables back to the manufacturer or using special recycling programs.

Therefore, the proper way for a technician to dispose of used printer consumables is to proceed with the custom manufacturer's procedure , if provided. This option ensures that the disposal is handled in an environmentally friendly and safe manner.

 The user can most likely make the change of extending the display to a second monitor in the System option in the Windows settings. The System option allows users to manage system settings and features, such as display, sound, notifications, power and storage. The user can extend the display to a second monitor by selecting Display from the System option and then choosing Extend these displays from the Multiple displays drop-down menu. This will allow the user to use both monitors as one large desktop area. Devices is an option in the Windows settings that allows users to add and manage devices connected to the computer, such as printers, scanners, mice and keyboards. Devices is not related to extending the display to a second monitor but to configuring device settings and preferences. Personalization is an option in the Windows settings that allows users to customize the appearance and behavior of their desktop, such as themes, colors, backgrounds, lock screen and screensaver. 

When a user rotates a cell phone horizontally to read emails and the display remains vertical, even though the settings indicate autorotate is on, this is typically due to a problem with the phone's accelerometer. The accelerometer is the sensor that detects changes in the phone's orientation and adjusts the display accordingly. If the accelerometer is not calibrated correctly, the display may not rotate as expected.

Recalibrating the accelerometer is the most likely solution to this issue. The process for recalibrating the accelerometer can vary depending on the specific device and operating system, but it typically involves going to the device's settings and finding the option to calibrate or reset the sensor. Users may need to search their device's documentation or online resources to find specific instructions for their device.

 Chain of custody and data integrity are two options that should most likely be considered when preserving data from a hard drive for forensic analysis. Chain of custody refers to the documentation and tracking of who has access to the data and how it is handled, stored, and transferred. Data integrity refers to the assurance that the data has not been altered, corrupted, or tampered with during the preservation process

The installation of home edition software on computers at a local office most likely violates the EULA. EULA stands for End User License Agreement and is a legal contract that specifies the terms and conditions for using a software product or service. EULA typically covers topics such as license scope, duration and limitations, rights and obligations of the parties, warranties and disclaimers, liability and indemnity clauses, and termination procedures. EULA may also restrict the use of home edition software to personal or non-commercial purposes only, and prohibit the use of home edition software in business or professional settings. Violating EULA may result in legal actions or penalties from the software vendor or developer. PII stands for Personally Identifiable Information and is any information that can be used to identify or locate an individual, such as name, address, phone number, email address, social security number or credit card number. PII is not related to software installation or licensing but to data protection and privacy. DRM stands for Digital Rights Management and is a technology that controls or restricts the access and use of digital content, such as music, movies, books or games. DRM is not related to software installation or licensing but to content distribution and piracy prevention. Open-source agreement is a type of license that allows users to access, modify and distribute the source code of a software product or service freely and openly. Open-source agreement does not restrict the use of software to home edition only but encourages collaboration and innovation among developers and users. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 5.1

System is the Control Panel utility that should be used to change the Path Environment Variable. The Path Environment Variable is a system variable that specifies the directories where executable files are located. To edit the Path Environment Variable, the technician should go to System > Advanced system settings > Environment Variables and then select Path from the list of system variables and click Edit.

To exclude an application folder from being cataloged by a Windows 10 search, the technician should use the Indexing Options utility1

A dedicated GPU (graphics processing unit) is the most important component for rendering 3-D promotional movies, as it can handle the complex calculations and graphics operations required for creating realistic and high-quality images. A dedicated GPU has its own memory and processor, which are optimized for graphics tasks. A dedicated GPU can also support multiple monitors, high resolutions, and advanced features such as ray tracing12.

References: 1 What Kind of Computer Do You Need for 3D Rendering in 2021?(https://kitbash3d.com/a/blog/best-computer-for-3d-rendering-2021) 2 How to Choose the Best Hardware for a 3D Artist - GarageFarm(https://garagefarm.net/blog/how-to-choose-the-best-hardware-for-a-3d-artist).

The technician should guide the user to update Windows through the built-in "Check for Updates" feature. This can be done by having the user click in the Search field, type "Check for Updates", and then press the Enter key. This will bring up the Windows Update function, which will search for any available updates and give the user the option to install them.

Calibrating the phone sensors is a step that can troubleshoot the issue of screen not autorotating on a mobile device. Screen autorotation is a feature that automatically adjusts the screen orientation based on the device’s position and movement. Screen autorotation relies on sensors such as accelerometer and gyroscope to detect the device’s tilt and rotation. Calibrating the phone sensors can help fix any errors or inaccuracies in the sensor readings that may prevent screen autorotation from working properly. Enabling the touch screen, reinstalling the operating system, and replacing the screen are not steps that should be done next to troubleshoot this issue.

An ESD strap, also known as an antistatic wrist strap, is a device that prevents electrostatic discharge (ESD) from damaging sensitive electronic components such as RAM. ESD is the sudden flow of electricity between two objects with different electrical charges, which can cause permanent damage or malfunction to electronic devices. An ESD strap connects the technician’s wrist to a grounded surface, such as a metal case or a mat, and equalizes the electrical potential between the technician and the device. Battery backup, thermal paste, and consistent power are not devices that can protect against ESD.

The technician should use DHCP reservation to maintain the same IP address for the server at all times. DHCP reservation allows the server to obtain an IP address dynamically from the DHCP server, while ensuring that the same IP address is assigned to the server each time it requests an IP address.

This is the most effective way to selectively prevent programs from loading on a Windows 10 machine. The Startup tab can be accessed by opening Task Manager and then selecting the Startup tab. From there, the technician can methodically disable items that are currently listed as enabled, reboot the machine, and check for issue resolution at each startup. If the issue persists, the technician can then move on to disabling the next item on the list.

Since there are no error messages on the device, the technician should check if the battery is sufficiently charged1

If the battery is low, the device may not have enough power to complete the update2

In this scenario, the technician has already determined that there are no error messages on the device. The next best step would be to check if the battery is sufficiently charged. If the battery is low, it could be preventing the device from completing the update process.

Verifying that third-party applications are disabled, determining if the device has adequate storage available, and confirming a strong internet connection are all important steps in troubleshooting issues with mobile devices. However, since the problem in this scenario is related to a failed OS update, it is important to first check the battery level before proceeding with further troubleshooting steps.

If a rootkit has caused a deep infection, then the only way to remove the rootkit is to reinstall the operating system. This is because rootkits are designed to be difficult to detect and remove, and they can hide in the operating system’s kernel, making it difficult to remove them without reinstalling the operating system

https://www.minitool.com/backup-tips/how -to-get-rid-of-rootkit-windows-10.html

The type of backup that should be completed FIRST after installing a new backup and recovery system is a full backup. This is because a full backup is a complete backup of all data and is the foundation for all other backups. After a full backup is completed, other types of backups, such as differential and incremental backups, can be performed.

The aspect of forensic evidence life cycle that must be maintained when dealing with a piece of evidence is chain of custody. This is because chain of custody is the documentation of the movement of evidence from the time it is collected to the time it is presented in court, and it is important to maintain the integrity of the evidence

The smartphone’s line was not provisioned with a data plan. The user is unable to use any internet-related functions on the smartphone when it is not connected to Wi-Fi because the smartphone’s line was not provisioned with a data plan. The user can send and receive text messages and phone calls when the smartphone is not connected to Wi-Fi because these functions do not require an internet connection1

The technician should configure the network as private to allow the user to access files on a drive shared from another desktop on the network1

A biometric lock requires an authorized user to provide a unique biometric identifier, such as a fingerprint, in order to gain access to the server room. A badge reader requires an authorized user to swipe an access card in order to gain access. Both of these methods ensure that only authorized personnel are able to access the server room. Additionally, video surveillance and access control vestibules can be used to further secure the server room. Finally, a locking rack can be used to physically secure the servers, so that they cannot be accessed without the appropriate key.

The systems administrator should clear the application cache12

If clearing the application cache does not work, the systems administrator should uninstall and reinstall the application12

Resetting the phone to factory settings is not necessary at this point12

Installing an alternative application with similar functionality is not necessary at this point12

https://partners.comptia.org/docs/default-source/resources/comptia-a-220-1102-exam-objectives-(3-0)

The technician should update the browser’s CRLs first. The error message indicates that the certificate revocation list (CRL) is not up to date. Updating the CRLs will ensure that the browser can verify the authenticity of the bank’s website.

Using disk-wiping software is the most secure method for removing information from past users’ hard drives in order to reuse the hard drives. Disk-wiping software can help to ensure that all data on the hard drive is completely erased and cannot be recovered.

The best operations to do to resolve the issue of a long boot time at a minimal expense are B. Removing the applications from startup and D. Running the Disk Cleanup utility. These are two simple and effective ways to speed up your PC’s boot time without spending any money on hardware upgrades.

Removing the applications from startup means preventing unnecessary programs from launching automatically when you turn on your computer. This can reduce the load on your system resources and make the boot process faster. You can do this in Windows 10 by pressing Ctrl + Alt + Esc to open the Task Manager, and going to the Startup tab. There, you can see a list of programs that start with your computer, and their impact on the startup performance. You can disable any program that you don’t need by right-clicking on it and choosing Disable12.

Running the Disk Cleanup utility means deleting temporary files, system files, and other unnecessary data that may be taking up space and slowing down your computer. This can free up some disk space and improve the performance of your system. You can do this in Windows 10 by typing disk cleanup in the search box and selecting the Disk Cleanup app. There, you can choose which files you want to delete, such as Recycle Bin, Temporary Internet Files, Thumbnails, etc. You can also click on Clean up system files to delete more files, such as Windows Update Cleanup, Previous Windows installation(s), etc34.

The technician should change the default administrative password FIRST to ensure the network equipment is secured against external threats on the Internet. Changing the default administrative password is a basic security measure that can help prevent unauthorized access to the network equipment. Locking all devices in a closet is a physical security measure that can help prevent theft or damage to the devices, but it does not address external threats on the Internet. Ensuring all devices are from the same manufacturer is not a security measure and does not address external threats on the Internet. Installing the latest operating system and patches is important for maintaining the security of the network equipment, but it is not the first action the technician should take1

MSRA stands for Microsoft Remote Assistance, and it is a feature that allows a technician to remotely view and control another user’s Windows PC with their permission. MSRA is built-in to Windows and does not require any additional software installation. To use MSRA, the technician and the user need to follow these steps:

• On the user’s PC, type msra in the search box on the taskbar and select Invite someone to connect to your PC and help you, or offer to help someone else.
• Select Save this invitation as a file and choose a location to save the file. This file contains a password that the technician will need to connect to the user’s PC.
• Send the file and the password to the technician via email or another secure method.
• On the technician’s PC, type msra in the search box on the taskbar and select Help someone who has invited you.
• Select Use an invitation file and browse to the location where the file from the user is saved. Enter the password when prompted.
• The user will see a message asking if they want to allow the technician to connect to their PC. The user should select Yes.
• The technician will see the user’s desktop and can request control of their PC by clicking Request control on the top bar. The user should allow this request by clicking Yes.
• The technician can now view and control the user’s PC and assist them with installing software.

The first thing that the specialist should do to protect the company’s data on an insecure network with open authentication is to connect to the vendor’s network using a VPN. A VPN stands for Virtual Private Network and is a technology that creates a secure and encrypted connection over a public or untrusted network. A VPN can protect the company’s data by preventing eavesdropping, interception or modification of the network traffic by unauthorized parties. A VPN can also provide access to the company’s internal network and resources remotely. Manually configuring an IP address, a subnet mask and a default gateway may not be necessary or possible if the vendor’s network uses DHCP to assign network configuration parameters automatically. Manually configuring an IP address, a subnet mask and a default gateway does not protect the company’s data from network attacks or threats. Changing the network location to private may not be advisable or effective if the vendor’s network is a public or untrusted network. Changing the network location to private does not protect the company’s data from network attacks or threats. Configuring MFA on the network may not be feasible or sufficient if the vendor’s network has open authentication and does not support or require MFA. Configuring MFA on the network does not protect the company’s data from network attacks or threats. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 3.3

Multifactor authentication will be forced for Wi-Fi after deploying a client certificate to be used for Wi-Fi access for all devices in an organization3

References:

• CompTIA Security+ (Plus) Practice Test Questions | CompTIA. Retrieved from https://www.comptia.org/training/resources/comptia-security-practice-tests

The most cost-effective version of Windows 10 that allows remote access through Remote Desktop is Windows 10 Pro. Windows 10 Pro includes Remote Desktop, which allows users to connect to a remote computer and access its desktop, files, and applications. Windows 10 Home does not include Remote Desktop, while Windows 10 Pro for Workstations and Windows 10 Enterprise are more expensive versions of Windows 10 that include additional features for businesses

The incident handler should clone any impacted hard drives to preserve evidence for possible litigation1

Changing channels can best resolve interference from other nearby SSIDs. Wireless networks operate on different channels, and changing the channel can help to avoid interference from other nearby networks.

The technician should quarantine the system first1

exFAT is a file system that is supported by both Linux and Windows and can handle large files1.

yum (Yellowdog Updater Modified) is a package management utility for PCs that are running the Linux operating system. It can be used to install, update and remove software packages from repositories. chmod (change mode) is a command that changes the permissions of files and directories in Linux. man (manual) is a command that displays the documentation of other commands in Linux. grep (global regular expression print) is a command that searches for patterns in text files in Linux. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/linux-package-management https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Multifactor authentication (MFA) significantly enhances security by requiring two or more forms of verification before granting access to an account or system. This method is highly effective against brute-force attacks, where attackers attempt to guess a user's password through repeated trials. By implementing MFA, even if a password is compromised, unauthorized access is still prevented without the additional authentication factor(s), such as a code from a smartphone app, a fingerprint, or a physical security token.

• Multifactor authentication: Provides an additional layer of security beyond just the password, making it much harder for attackers to gain unauthorized access through brute-force methods, as they would need to compromise more than one authentication factor.

Encryption (B) is crucial for protecting data at rest and in transit, but it does not directly prevent brute-force login attempts. Increased password complexity (C) can deter brute-force attacks by making passwords harder to guess, but it is not as effective as MFA in preventing access when passwords are compromised. A secure password vault (D) helps users manage and store their passwords securely, which can indirectly contribute to security by allowing users to keep more complex passwords, but it does not directly prevent brute-force attacks on accounts.

Turning off inheritance on the specific folder requested by the manager and setting the requested permissions, followed by turning on inheritance under the child folders, ensures that only the immediate team has access to the confidential material while maintaining the broader permissions structure for other folders and files. This action isolates the folder's permissions from the top-level inheritance, providing a focused security measure for sensitive content.

To enforce a security policy that prohibits USB drives on user workstations, the network administrator should run the gpupdate (C) command. This command forces a Group Policy update, which can include policies to disable USB drives. Group Policy is a feature in Microsoft Windows that allows for centralized management and configuration of operating systems, applications, and users' settings in an Active Directory environment​​.

To resolve an issue of low storage space on a Windows computer, the best approach is to Run Disk Cleanup (B). Disk Cleanup is a built-in utility that helps users free up space on their hard drives by deleting temporary files, system files, and other unnecessary files that are no longer needed, thereby resolving low storage space issues

A system image is a complete snapshot of everything on a device's storage at a given point in time, including the operating system, installed programs, system settings, and all user files. This method is the best way to back up the OS and data comprehensively because it allows for the restoration of a system to its exact state at the time the image was taken. This is particularly useful in disaster recovery scenarios where it's crucial to restore a system quickly and efficiently to minimize downtime.

Navigate to the Windows 10 Settings menu, select the Accounts submenu, select Sign in options, select Windows Hello Fingerprint, and have the user place a fingerprint on the fingerprint reader repeatedly until Windows indicates setup is complete. Windows Hello Fingerprint can be set up by navigating to the Windows 10 Settings menu, selecting the Accounts submenu, selecting Sign in options, and then selecting Windows Hello Fingerprint. The user will then be asked to place a fingerprint on the fingerprint reader repeatedly until Windows indicates that setup is complete. Windows Hello Fingerprint allows the user to log into the laptop using just their fingerprint, providing an additional layer of security.

Graphical user interface, text, application Description automatically generated

This is because remote wipe allows the data on the smartphone to be erased remotely, which helps to ensure that sensitive data does not fall into the wrong hands.

The technician should have connected a proper ESD strap to prevent damage to the motherboard. ESD (electrostatic discharge) can cause damage to electronic components, and an ESD strap helps to prevent this by grounding the technician and preventing the buildup of static electricity. Removing all jewelry is also a good practice, but it is not the most likely solution to this problem.

The technician should verify bad sectors on the user’s computer by running chkdsk on the drive as the administrator. Chkdsk (check disk) is a command-line utility that detects and repairs disk errors, including bad sectors. It runs a scan of the disk and displays any errors that are found

A technician needs to interconnect two offices to the main branch while complying with good practices and security standards. The technician should implement VPN

the user should change the default passwords first when configuring a new SOHO Wi-Fi router1

AUP (Acceptable Use Policy) should be updated to reflect this new requirement. The AUP is a document that outlines the acceptable use of technology within an organization. It is a set of rules that employees must follow when using company resources. The AUP should be updated to include a policy on cryptocurrency mining on work desktops

The new laptop was set up with the static IP it needs to connect to the software. The old desktop is still configured with that IP, hence the conflict.

The strongest wireless configuration is B. WPA3. WPA3 is the most up-to-date wireless encryption protocol and is the most secure choice. It replaces PSK with SAE, a more secure way to do the initial key exchange. At the same time, the session key size of WPA3 increases to 128-bit in WPA3-Personal mode and 192-bit in WPA3-Enterprise, which makes the password harder to crack than the previous Wi-Fi security standards

https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/wep-wpa-wpa2-wpa3-explained/

The user should verify that NFC is enabled on their phone. NFC is a technology that allows two devices to communicate with each other when they are in close proximity2.

NFC (Near Field Communication) technology allows a phone to wirelessly communicate with a payment terminal or other compatible device. In order to use NFC to make a payment or transfer information, the feature must be enabled on the phone. Therefore, the user should verify that NFC is enabled on their phone before attempting to make a payment with it. The other options, such as turning off airplane mode, connecting to Wi-Fi, or enabling Bluetooth, do not pertain to the NFC feature and are unlikely to resolve the issue. This information is covered in the Comptia A+ Core2 documents/guide under the Mobile Devices section.

Rebooting the system in safe mode will limit the number of programs and processes running, allowing the antivirus system to more effectively identify and remove the malware. Rescanning the system will allow the antivirus system to identify and remove the malware while preserving the user's files.

Remote wipe capabilities are used to erase all data on a mobile device remotely. This can be useful in situations where a device is lost or stolen, or when sensitive data needs to be removed from a device. Remote wipe capabilities are most likely to be used in the following scenarios:

E. A user cannot locate the phone after attending a play at a theater. F. A user forgot the phone in a taxi, and the driver called the company to return the device1

In scenario E, remote wipe capabilities would be used to prevent unauthorized access to the device and to protect sensitive data. In scenario F, remote wipe capabilities would be used to erase all data on the device before it is returned to the user.

An in-place upgrade is the most efficient method for migrating from Windows 7 Pro to Windows 10 Pro, as it will retain all user files and preferences, can be done locally, and can be done one station at a time. An in-place upgrade involves installing the new version of Windows over the existing version, and can be done quickly and easily.

The GPS application contains malware. The third-party GPS application is likely the cause of the slow performance of the phone. The application may contain malware that is using up system resources and slowing down the phone. The user should uninstall the application and run a malware scan on the phone1

application that will allow a macOS user to create another virtual desktop space is Mission Control Mission Control lets you create additional desktops, called spaces, to organize the windows of your apps. You can create a space by entering Mission Control and clicking the Add button in the Spaces bar1. You can also assign apps to specific spaces and move between them easily1.

Hash verification is a process that verifies the integrity of a file by comparing the hash value of the downloaded file to the hash value provided by the source1

According to CompTIA A+ Core 2 objectives, a full backup stored off-site provides the greatest protection against data loss in the event of a ransomware attack or other data disaster. By storing the backup in a separate physical location, it is less likely to be affected by the same event that could cause data loss on the original system. Cold storage is a term used for data archiving, which typically refers to a long-term storage solution that is used for retaining data that is infrequently accessed, but still needs to be kept for regulatory or compliance reasons.

 The most likely reason that the system is not utilizing all the available RAM is that the system is utilizing a 32-bit OS. A 32-bit OS is an operating system that uses 32 bits to address memory locations and perform calculations. A 32-bit OS can only support up to 4GB of RAM, and some of that RAM may be reserved for hardware devices or system functions, leaving less than 4GB of usable RAM for applications and processes. A 32-bit OS cannot recognize or utilize more than 4GB of RAM, even if more RAM is installed on the system. To utilize all the available RAM, the system needs to use a 64-bit OS, which can support much more RAM than a 32-bit OS. The system missing updates may cause some performance or compatibility issues, but it does not affect the amount of usable RAM on the system. The system’s memory failing may cause some errors or crashes, but it does not affect the amount of usable RAM on the system. The system requiring BIOS updates may cause some configuration or compatibility issues, but it does not affect the amount of usable RAM on the system. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 1.1

Rolling back video card drivers is the best way to resolve the issue of large desktop icons on a user’s newly issued PC. This means restoring the previous version of the drivers that were working fine before the software patch was deployed. The software patch may have caused compatibility issues or corrupted the drivers, resulting in display problems

The script type that is used with the Python language by default is .py. .py is a file extension that indicates a Python script file that contains Python code that can be executed by a Python interpreter or compiler. Python is a high-level, general-purpose and interpreted programming language that can be used for various applications, such as web development, data analysis, machine learning and automation. .ps1 is a file extension that indicates a PowerShell script file that contains PowerShell code that can be executed by a PowerShell interpreter or compiler. PowerShell is a task-based, command-line and scripting language that can be used for system administration and automation on Windows systems. .vbs is a file extension that indicates a VBScript file that contains VBScript code that can be executed by a VBScript interpreter or compiler. VBScript is an Active Scripting language that can be used for web development and automation on Windows systems. .bat is a file extension that indicates a batch file that contains a series of commands that can be executed by a command-line interpreter or shell on Windows systems. Batch files can be used for system administration and automation on Windows systems. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 4.3

 The administrator can use Virtual Network Computing (VNC) to troubleshoot the server effectively. VNC is a graphical desktop sharing system that allows the administrator to remotely control the desktop of a Linux server. 

UPS > Surge protector = Computer, wifi router, cable modem

Surge protector = wallOutlet , printer and scanner

The most basic version of Windows that includes BitLocker is Windows Pro. BitLocker is a feature of Windows Pro that provides full disk encryption for all data on a storage drive [1]. It helps protect data from unauthorized access or theft and can help secure data from malicious attacks. Pro for Workstations includes this feature, as well as other features such as support for up to 6 TB of RAM and ReFS.

The change management document that includes how to uninstall a patch is called the “rollback plan”. The rollback plan is a document that outlines the steps that should be taken to undo a change that has been made to a system. In the case of a patch, the rollback plan would include instructions on how to uninstall the patch if it causes problems or conflicts with other software12

Although updating the anti-malware software and running scans are important steps in removing malware, they may not be sufficient to permanently remove the malware if the user keeps engaging in behaviors that leave the system vulnerable, such as downloading unknown files or visiting malicious websites. Therefore, educating the user on safe computing practices is the best way to prevent future infections and permanently remove the malware.

Enabling System Restore, Booting into safe mode, and scheduling a scan are not the most efficient ways to permanently remove the malware. Enabling System Restore and Booting into safe mode may help in some cases, but they may not be sufficient to permanently remove the malware. Scheduling a scan is also important for detecting and removing malware, but it may not be sufficient to prevent future infections.

https://partners.comptia.org/docs/default-source/resources/comptia-a-220-1102-exam-objectives-(3-0)

Vishing, also known as voice phishing, is a type of social engineering attack where the attacker tricks the victim into divulging sensitive information over the phone. In this case, the attacker tricked the user into providing login credentials for a website.

The BEST solution for preventing data theft within the call center in this scenario would be to lock the workstations after a period of inactivity. This would prevent unauthorized individuals from accessing patient data if call center agents were to step away from their workstations without logging out.

To delete an empty directory, enter rd Directory or rmdir Directory . If the directory is not empty, you can remove files and subdirectories from it using the /s switch. You can also use the /q switch to suppress confirmation messages (quiet mode).

The law firm wants to retain more versions of the backups when possible, so the best backup method for the technician to implement in this scenario would be Incremental backup. Incremental backups only save the changes made since the last backup, which allows for more frequent backups and minimizes the amount of storage required. This would allow the law firm to retain more than three versions of backups without risking backup failure.

To retain more versions of backups, the technician should implement an Incremental backup method12

An incremental backup method only backs up the data that has changed since the last backup, so it requires less storage space than a full backup12

The support representative should send a quick message regarding the delay to the next customer. This will help the next customer understand the situation and adjust their schedule accordingly.

 The company is experiencing a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack. A DDoS attack is a type of cyber attack in which multiple compromised systems are used to target a single system, causing a denial of service for users of the targeted system.

The BEST way to secure the workstation quickly when walking away is to use a key combination to lock the computer when leaving1

The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) is a set of security standards designed to ensure that ALL companies that accept, process, store or transmit credit card information maintain a secure environment.

Apple Remote Desktop is a remote access solution that allows a user to access and control another macOS computer from their Windows workstation. It provides a graphical user interface so that the analyst can easily access the server software running on the macOS server. Apple Remote Desktop also supports file transfers, so the analyst can easily transfer files between the two computers. Additionally, Apple Remote Desktop supports encryption, so data is secure during transmission.

End-of-life operating systems are those which have reached the end of their life cycle and are no longer supported by the software developer. This means that the operating system will no longer receive updates, security patches, or other new features. This can leave users vulnerable to security threats, as the system will no longer be protected against the latest threats. Additionally, this can make it difficult to migrate data to a newer operating system, as the old system is no longer supported.

A support portal is an online system that allows customers to access customer service tools, submit requests and view status updates, as well as access information such as how-to guides, FAQs, and other self-service resources. This would be the best solution for the service desk, as it would allow them to easily manage the volume of requests by allowing customers to submit their own requests and view the status of their requests. Additionally, the portal would provide customers with self-service resources that can help them resolve their own issues, reducing the amount of tickets that need to be handled by the service desk.

The technician should use the File Explorer application to assist the user with hiding the file 1. The user can right-click the file and select Properties. In the Properties dialog box, select the Hidden check box, and then click OK 1.

A technician setting up a new laptop must ensure that users cannot install virtual machines as the company's security policy states  One way to prevent users from enabling virtual technology is by implementing Secure Boot. Secure Boot is a feature of UEFI firmware that ensures the system only boots using firmware that is trusted by the manufacturer. It verifies the signature of all bootloaders, operating systems, and drivers before running them, preventing any unauthorized modifications to the boot process. This will help prevent users from installing virtual machines on the laptop without authorization.

Smart card and password is an example of two-factor authentication (2FA), not multi-factor authentication (MFA). MFA requires two or more authentication factors. Smart card and password is an example of two-factor authentication (2FA)2

System File Checker to check for modified Windows files. System File Checker (SFC) is a Windows utility that can be used to scan for and restore corrupt Windows system files. SFC can be used to detect and fix any modified or corrupted system files on a computer, and thus should be checked first when a user reports that their computer has been running slowly since the installation of security applications [1][2]. By checking SFC, any modified or corrupted system files can be identified and fixed, potentially improving the overall performance of the computer.

The best choice for accessing the necessary configuration to configure the desktop systems to use a new proxy server is the Internet Options utility. This utility can be found in the Control Panel and allows you to configure the proxy settings for your network connection. As stated in the CompTIA A+ Core 2 exam objectives, technicians should be familiar with the Internet Options utility and how to configure proxy settings.

The workstations and the authentication server have a system clock difference. If a Group Policy setting is applied that forces the workstations to use a specific SNTP server, but the system clock on the workstations and the authentication server are out of sync, then this can cause authentication issues and users will be unable to log in. In this case, the most likely cause of the issue is a difference in system clocks and the technician should ensure that the clocks on the workstations and the authentication server are in sync.

The CompTIA A+ Core 2 220-1002 exam covers this topic in the following domains: 1.2 Given a scenario, use appropriate resources to support users and 1.3 Explain the importance of security awareness.

BitLocker is a Windows security feature that provides encryption for entire volumes, addressing the threats of data theft or exposure from lost, stolen, or inappropriately decommissioned devices1. BitLocker is available on supported devices running Windows 10 or 11 Pro, Enterprise, or Education2. Windows 10 Home does not support BitLocker3, and Windows 10 Embedded is designed for specialized devices and does not offer BitLocker as a feature4. Therefore, the most appropriate Windows 10 edition for a single user who wants to encrypt a hard drive with BitLocker is Professional.

References1: BitLocker overview - Windows Security | Microsoft Learn2: Device encryption in Windows - Microsoft Support3: Can You Turn on BitLocker on Windows 10 Home?4: How to enable device encryption on Windows 10 Home

One of the common reasons for a slow smartphone performance is having too many apps installed and running in the background. These apps consume the device’s memory (RAM) and CPU resources, which can affect the speed and responsiveness of the phone. Rebooting the phone can temporarily clear the RAM and stop some background processes, but they may resume after a while. Connecting to a different network does not affect the performance of the phone, unless the network is congested or has a poor signal. The user can improve the phone’s performance by uninstalling unused apps, clearing app caches, and restricting background activities12. Malware can also slow down a phone, but it is not the most likely cause in this scenario, as the user does not report any other symptoms of infection, such as pop-ups, battery drain, or data usage spikes3. Jailbreaking a phone can also affect its performance, but it is not a cause, rather a consequence, of the user’s actions. Jailbreaking is the process of removing the manufacturer’s restrictions on a phone, which allows the user to install unauthorized apps, customize the system, and access root privileges4. However, jailbreaking also exposes the phone to security risks, voids the warranty, and may cause instability or compatibility issues5.

References1: Speed up a slow Android device - Android Help - Google Help2: Why your phone slows down over time and what you can do to stop it | TechRadar3: How to tell if your phone has a virus | Norton4: What is Jailbreaking? - Definition from Techopedia5: What is Jailbreaking an iPhone? – Lifewire

The first mitigation step that a technician should take when a machine is suspected to contain ransomware is to quarantine the system. This means isolating the infected machine from the network and other devices, to prevent the ransomware from spreading and encrypting more data. The technician can quarantine the system by disconnecting the network cable, turning off the wireless adapter, or using firewall rules to block the traffic from and to the machine12.

This step is more important than the other options because:

• Disabling System Restore (A) is not a priority, as it will not stop the ransomware from running or spreading. System Restore is a feature that allows users to restore their system to a previous state, but it may not work if the ransomware has encrypted or deleted the restore points. Moreover, disabling System Restore may prevent the user from recovering some data or settings in the future13.
• Remediating the system (B) is the ultimate goal, but it cannot be done before quarantining the system. Remediating the system means removing the ransomware, restoring the data, and fixing the vulnerabilities that allowed the attack. However, this process requires careful analysis, planning, and execution, and it may not be possible if the ransomware is still active and communicating with the attackers. Therefore, the technician should first isolate the system and then proceed with the remediation steps12.
• Educating the system user © is a preventive measure, but it is not a mitigation step. Educating the system user means raising awareness and providing training on how to avoid ransomware attacks, such as by recognizing phishing emails, avoiding suspicious links or attachments, and updating and patching the system regularly. However, this step will not help if the system is already infected, and it may not be effective if the user is not willing or able to follow the best practices. Therefore, the technician should focus on resolving the current incident and then educate the user as part of the recovery plan14.

References:

1: How to Mitigate Ransomware Attacks in 10 Steps - Heimdal Security1 2: 3 steps to prevent and recover from ransomware | Microsoft Security Blog3 3: How to use System Restore on Windows 10 | Windows Central5 4: Ransomware Mitigation | Prevention and Mitigation Strategies - Delinea4

When dealing with a suspected virus infection on an air-gapped computer, after an initial scan with Windows Defender shows no infection, the next steps should include examining the event logs to look for suspicious activity and updating the virus definitions for a more thorough scan. Event logs can provide insights into system changes and potential malicious activities, while updated definitions ensure the antivirus software can detect the latest threats. Connecting to the network or enabling the firewall might not be appropriate due to the risk of spreading the infection, and re-imaging the computer or documenting the findings would be subsequent steps if the initial actions don't resolve the issue.References: Official CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2 Student Guide​​​​.

Risk analysis is the process of identifying and evaluating the potential threats and impacts of a change on the system, network, or service. It is an essential step before approving a change request, as it helps to determine the level of risk, the mitigation strategies, and the contingency plans. Risk analysis also helps to prioritize the change requests based on their urgency and importance12.

References: 1 The Change Request Process and Best Practices(https://www.processmaker.com/blog/it-change-request-process-best-pr actices/)2 Risk Assessment and Analysis Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative(https://www.isaca.org/resources/isaca-journal/issues/2021/volume-2/risk-assessment-and-analysis-methods).

Event Viewer is a Microsoft tool that records and displays system events, errors, warnings, and information. Event Viewer can help troubleshoot and diagnose problems, such as unexpected shutdowns, by showing the details of what happened before, during, and after the incident. Event Viewer can also show the source of the event, such as an application, a service, a driver, or a hardware device. By using Event Viewer, a technician can identify the root cause of the unexpected shutdown, such as a power failure, a thermal event, a driver conflict, or a malware infection. 

A technician should handle personal communication while on site in a professional and respectful manner. According to the CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1102) exam objectives, one of the best practices for communication skills is to “avoid distractions and interruptions” when working with customers1. This means that the technician should not respond to calls and text messages that are not related to the work or the customer, unless there is an emergency situation that requires a response. Responding to personal communication while on site can be seen as rude, unprofessional, and disrespectful to the customer and their time. It can also affect the quality and efficiency of the technician’s work and cause errors or delays. Therefore, the technician should only respond to calls and text messages when an emergency situation requires a response, and inform the customer about the situation and apologize for the interruption.

The other options are not appropriate for handling personal communication while on site. Responding to calls and text messages while on site but not when working directly with personnel (A) is still distracting and unprofessional, as it can interfere with the technician’s focus and productivity. Responding to calls and text messages only from family (B) is not a valid criterion, as the technician may receive calls and text messages from other sources that are not related to the work or the customer. Responding to calls and text messages discreetly while on site (D) is not a good practice, as it can still be noticed by the customer or other personnel and create a negative impression.

References:

1: CompTIA A+ Certification Exam Core 2 Objectives - CompTIA

Pathping is the best command-line tool to provide the most detailed information for investigating the network performance issue further. Pathping is a utility that combines the functions of ping and tracert, which are two other command-line tools that test network connectivity and latency. Pathping sends packets to each router on the path to a destination and then computes results based on the packets returned from each hop. Pathping can show the route taken by the packets, the number of hops, the latency of each hop, and the packet loss percentage. This information can help the systems administrator identify where the network problem occurs and how severe it is. Ipconfig, arp, and nslookup are not as useful as pathping for this task. Ipconfig shows the configuration of the network interface card, such as IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway. Arp shows the mapping of IP addresses to MAC addresses in the local network. Nslookup queries DNS servers for domain name resolution. References:

• Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 21
• CompTIA A+ Core 1 (220-1101) and Core 2 (220-1102) Cert Guide, page 457

The chmod command is used to change the permissions of files and directories in Linux. It can grant or revoke read, write, and execute permissions for the owner, the group, and others. To change the file permissions to only allow access to a certain group of users, the chmod command can use either the symbolic or the numeric mode. For example, to give read and write permissions to the group and no permissions to others, the command can be:

chmod g+rw,o-rwx filename

or

chmod 660 filename

References: 1 Chmod Command in Linux (File Permissions) | Linuxize(https://linuxize.com/po st/chmod-command-in-linux/)2 How To Change File or Directory Permissions in Linux | Tom’s Hardware(https://www.tomshardware.com/how-to/change-file-directory-permissions-linux).

Linux is the most commonly used operating system in embedded systems because it is open source, free, customizable, and supports a wide range of architectures and devices. Linux also offers many advantages for embedded development, such as real-time capabilities, modularity, security, scalability, and reliability. Linux can run on embedded systems with limited resources, such as memory, storage, or power, and can be tailored to the specific needs of the application. Linux also has a large and active community of developers and users who contribute to its improvement and innovation. Some examples of embedded systems that use Linux are smart TVs, routers, drones, robots, smart watches, and IoT devices

The best solution for a technician to implement is to disable the browser from sending notifications to the Action Center. This will prevent the random advertisement notifications from appearing in the Windows 10 Action Center, which can be annoying and distracting for the user. The technician can follow these steps to disable the browser notifications1:

• Open the browser that is sending the notifications, such as Microsoft Edge, Google Chrome, or Mozilla Firefox.
• Go to the browser settings or options menu, and look for the privacy and security section.
• Find the option to manage site permissions or notifications, and click on it.
• You will see a list of sites that are allowed or blocked from sending notifications to the browser and the Action Center. You can either block all sites from sending notifications, or select specific sites that you want to block or allow.
• Save the changes and close the browser settings.

This solution is better than the other options because:

• Running a full antivirus scan on the computer (B) is not necessary, as the advertisement notifications are not malicious or harmful, and they are not caused by a virus or malware infection. Running a scan will not stop the notifications from appearing, and it will consume system resources and time.
• Disabling all Action Center notifications © is not advisable, as the Action Center is a useful feature that shows notifications and alerts from various apps and system events, such as email, calendar, security, updates, etc. Disabling all notifications will make the user miss important information and reminders, and reduce the functionality of the Action Center.
• Moving specific site notifications from Allowed to Block (D) is not the best solution, as it will only stop the notifications from some sites, but not from others. The user may still receive advertisement notifications from other sites that are not blocked, or from new sites that are added to the Allowed list. This solution will also require the user to manually manage the list of sites, which can be tedious and time-consuming.

References:

1: How to Disable Annoying Browser Notifications - PCMag

Isolating the machine from the network is a good practice when troubleshooting a PC that is suspected of being infected with malware. This can prevent the malware from spreading to other devices on the network or communicating with external servers that may control or exploit the malware. Isolating the machine can be done by disconnecting the network cable, disabling the wireless adapter, or blocking the network traffic with a firewall.

The command md stands for make directory and is used to create a new directory or folder in the current location. In this case, the technician can use md minutes to create a folder named minutes in the C: drive. The other commands are not relevant for this task. c: \minutes is not a command but a path to a folder. dir is used to display a list of files and folders in the current directory. rmdir is used to remove or delete an existing directory or folder.

The ext3 file system is a Linux native file system that meets the requirements of the question. It has the following features:

• All changes are tracked. The ext3 file system uses a journaling mechanism that records all changes to the file system metadata in a special log called the journal before applying them to the actual file system. This ensures that the file system can be restored to a consistent state in case of a power failure or system crash12.
• The possibility of file corruption is reduced. The journaling feature of ext3 also reduces the possibility of file corruption, as it avoids the need for a full file system check after an unclean shutdown. The file system can be quickly replayed from the journal and any inconsistencies can be fixed12.
• Data recovery is easy. The ext3 file system supports undeletion of files using tools such as ext3grep or extundelete, which can scan the file system for deleted inodes and attempt to recover the data blocks associated with them34.

References:

1: Introduction to Linux File System [Structure and Types] - MiniTool1 2: 7 Ways to Determine the File System Type in Linux (Ext2, Ext3 or Ext4) - Tecmint3 3: How to Recover Deleted Files in Linux with ext3grep 4: How to Recover Deleted Files from ext3 Partitions

Remotely wiping the device is the best option to prevent unauthorized access to the company data stored on the phone. A low-level format, degaussing, or providing the GPS location of the device are not feasible or effective actions to take in this scenario.

References: The Official CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Guide1, page 315.

Educating the end user on best practices for security is the next step that the technician should take after successfully removing malicious software from an infected computer. Educating the end user on best practices for security is an important part of preventing future infections and mitigating risks. The technician should explain to the end user how to avoid common sources of malware, such as phishing emails, malicious websites, or removable media. The technician should also advise the end user to use strong passwords, update software regularly, enable antivirus and firewall protection, and backup data frequently. Educating the end user on best practices for security can help the end user become more aware and responsible for their own security and reduce the likelihood of recurrence of malware infections. Quarantining the host in the antivirus system, investigating how the system was infected with malware, and creating a system restore point are not the next steps that the technician should take after successfully removing malicious software from an infected computer. Quarantining the host in the antivirus system is a step that the technician should take before removing malicious software from an infected computer. Quarantining the host in the antivirus system means isolating the infected computer from the network or other devices to prevent the spread of malware. Investigating how the system was infected with malware is a step that the technician should take during or after removing malicious software from an infected computer. Investigating how the system was infected with malware means identifying the source, type, and impact of malware on the system and documenting the findings and actions taken. Creating a system restore point is a step that the technician should take before removing malicious software from an infected computer. Creating a system restore point means saving a snapshot of the system’s configuration and settings at a certain point in time, which can be used to restore the system in case of failure or corruption. References:

• Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 15
• CompTIA A+ Core 1 (220-1101) and Core 2 (220-1102) Cert Guide, page 458

Chain of custody documentation is a record of the sequence of custody, control, transfer, analysis, and disposition of physical or electronic evidence. It is important to maintain a chain of custody to ensure the integrity and authenticity of the evidence, and to prevent tampering or contamination. If a laptop that was in the evidence room of a police station is missing, the best reason to refer to chain of custody documentation is to determine which party had the machine and when. This can help to identify the possible suspects, locate the missing laptop, and verify if the evidence on the laptop was compromised or not

A sandbox is an isolated environment that allows for the testing of critical systems without the risk of them being negatively impacted by changes. A sandbox can be used to simulate real-world scenarios, experiment with new features, debug errors, or evaluate the performance and security of a system. A sandbox can be created using virtualization, emulation, or containerization technologies. A sandbox prevents any changes made in the testing environment from affecting the production environment, which is the actual system that is used by the end users.

https://www.comptia.org/training/books/a-core-2-220-1102-study-guide

Loading the system in safe mode is a common troubleshooting step that allows the technician to isolate the problem by disabling unnecessary drivers and services. This can help determine if the issue is caused by a faulty device, a corrupted system file, or a malware infection.

The Processes tab in the Task Manager shows all the running processes on the computer, including applications and background services. The user can use this tab to identify the unresponsive application and end its process by right-clicking on it and selecting End task. This will free up the system resources and close the application. The other tabs in the Task Manager do not allow the user to address the situation. The Startup tab shows the programs that run when the computer starts, the Performance tab shows the system resource usage and statistics, and the Application history tab shows the resource usage of the applications over time

Given that the smartphone's screen was recently repaired and now experiences issues with Wi-Fi connectivity, despite showing that it is connected to a network, the problem could be related to the internal antenna connections that might have been disturbed or disconnected during the repair process.

• Internal Antenna Connections: Smartphones use internal antennas for Wi-Fi and cellular connections. If these antennas are not properly connected, the device may show as connected to a Wi-Fi network but fail to transmit data effectively, resulting in no internet access.

Checking static IP settings (B) would be relevant if the device were not obtaining an IP address at all, but the device does have an IP address. Airplane mode (C) would prevent the device from connecting to Wi-Fi networks entirely. Digitizer calibration (D) is related to the touchscreen functionality and would not affect Wi-Fi connectivity.

The Network and Sharing Center in the Control Panel is the central place to manage network connections and settings in Windows. When facing issues with accessing a mapped drive, this utility allows users to review and adjust network settings, making it possible to resolve connectivity problems. It provides options to view network status, set up new connections, change adapter settings, and troubleshoot network problems, which can help in enabling connectivity to the mapped drive on the Windows XP machine.

PowerShell is a scripting language that can interact with Active Directory and other Windows components. It has a built-in cmdlet called New-ADUser that can create user accounts in Active Directory. PowerShell can also use the Active Directory module to access other AD-related functions and attributes. Other languages, such as Bash, SQL, and PHP, are not designed for creating Active Directory accounts and would require additional tools or libraries to do so.

 Badge reader and motion sensor are devices that can be deployed to enhance physical security for a building. A badge reader is a device that scans and verifies an identification card or tag that grants access to authorized personnel only. A badge reader can help prevent unauthorized entry or intrusion into a building or a restricted area. A motion sensor is a device that detects movement and triggers an alarm or an action when motion is detected. A motion sensor can help deter or alert potential intruders or trespassers in a building or an area. Multifactor authentication is a method of verifying identity using two or more factors, such as something you know, something you have or something you are. Multifactor authentication is not a device that can be deployed to enhance physical security for a building but a technique that can be used to enhance logical security for systems or services. Personal identification number is a numeric code that can be used as part of authentication or access control. Personal identification number is not a device that can be deployed to enhance physical security for a building but an example of something you know factor in multifactor authentication. Firewall is a device or software that filters network traffic based on rules and policies. Firewall is not a device that can be deployed to enhance physical security for a building but a device that can be used to enhance network security for systems or services. Soft token is an application or software that generates one-time passwords or codes for authentication purposes. Soft token is not a device that can be deployed to enhance physical security for a building but an example of something you have factor in multifactor authentication. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 3.3

The technician should adjust the firewall settings to resolve the issue of not being able to access an internal site at https://companyintranet.com:8888. The firewall settings control how the firewall filters and allows network traffic based on rules and policies. The firewall settings may be blocking or preventing the access to the internal site by mistake or by default, especially if the site uses a non-standard port number such as 8888. The technician should check and modify the firewall settings to allow the access to the internal site or its port number. Default gateway settings determine how a computer connects to other networks or the internet. Default gateway settings are not likely to cause the issue of not being able to access an internal site if the user can access the public internet. DHCP settings determine how a computer obtains its IP address and other network configuration parameters automatically from a DHCP server. DHCP settings are not likely to cause the issue of not being able to access an internal site if the user can access other network resources. IP address settings determine how a computer identifies itself and communicates with other devices on a network. IP address settings are not likely to cause the issue of not being able to access an internal site if the user can access other network resources. Antivirus settings control how the antivirus software scans and protects the computer from malware and threats. Antivirus settings are less likely to cause the issue of not being able to access an internal site than firewall settings, unless the antivirus software has its own firewall feature that may interfere with the network traffic. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 1.6

An access control list (ACL) is a list of permissions associated with a system resource (object), such as a website. An ACL specifies which users or system processes are granted access to objects, as well as what operations are allowed on given objects1. A systems administrator can create an ACL to define the list of websites that users are allowed to access.

References: 1: Access-control list - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Access-control_list)

Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts the files on the victim’s computer and demands a ransom for their decryption. Ransomware can cause high disk throughput by encrypting large amounts of data in a short time.

Finder is the default GUI and file manager in macOS. Finder is an application that allows users to access and manage files and folders on their Mac computers. Finder also provides features such as Quick Look, Spotlight, AirDrop and iCloud Drive. Finder uses a graphical user interface that consists of icons, menus, toolbars and windows to display and interact with files and folders. Disk Utility is a utility that allows users to view and manage disk drives and partitions on their Mac computers. Disk Utility is not a GUI or a file manager but a disk management tool. Dock is a feature that allows users to access and launch applications on their Mac computers. Dock is not a GUI or a file manager but an application launcher. FileVault is a feature that allows users to encrypt and protect their data on their Mac computers. FileVault is not a GUI or a file manager but an encryption tool. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 1.1

Recovery is a Windows 10 utility that can be used to address the concern of a failed update that prevents an application from launching. Recovery allows the user to reset the PC, go back to a previous version of Windows, or use advanced startup options to troubleshoot and repair the system2. Device Manager, Administrator Tools, and Programs and Features are not Windows 10 utilities that can fix a failed update.

DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol and it is used to assign IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to devices on a network automatically. This is useful for devices that do not require the same private address each time they connect to the internet. 

A new employee will need to sign an AUP before being granted login access to the network. An AUP is an Acceptable Use Policy that defines the rules and guidelines for using network resources and services in an organization. An AUP typically covers topics such as security, privacy, ethics, compliance and liability issues related to network usage. An AUP helps protect the organization and its users from legal, regulatory and reputational risks associated with network activities. An MSDS is a Material Safety Data Sheet that provides information about hazardous substances and how to handle them safely. An MSDS is not related to network access or usage. A EULA is an End User License Agreement that specifies the terms and conditions for using a software product or service. A EULA is usually provided by software vendors or developers and does not apply to network access or usage in general. A UAC is a User Account Control that is a security feature that prompts users for permission or confirmation before performing certain actions that require elevated privileges or affect system settings. A UAC is not a document that needs to be signed by users but a mechanism that helps prevent unauthorized changes or malware infections on a system. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 5.1

The technician should place the hard drive in an antistatic bag and secure the area containing the hard drive before leaving. This will protect the hard drive from electrostatic discharge (ESD), dust, moisture, and physical damage. Asking coworkers to make sure no one touches the hard drive is not a reliable or secure way to prevent damage. Leaving the hard drive on the table exposes it to ESD and other environmental hazards. Connecting an electrostatic discharge strap to the drive is not enough to protect it from dust, moisture, and physical damage.

The user is experiencing a system error that prevents them from using the Testing program. The error message indicates that the file MSVCP100.dll is missing from the computer. This file is part of the Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 Redistributable Package, which is required by some applications to run properly. The error may have occurred due to a corrupted or incomplete software deployment.

To resolve this issue, the user needs to restore the missing file and register it in the system. One possible way to do this is to copy the file from another computer that has the Testing program installed and working, and then use the regsvr32 command to register it. The steps are as follows:

• On another computer (User-PC02) that has the Testing program installed and working, locate the file MSVCP100.dll in the folder C:\Program Files\Testing.
• Share the folder C:\Windows\System32 on User-PC02 by right-clicking on it, selecting Properties, then Sharing, then Advanced Sharing, then checking Share this folder, then clicking OK.
• On the user’s computer (User-PC01), open a command prompt as an administrator by clicking Start, typing cmd, right-clicking on Command Prompt, and selecting Run as administrator.
• In the command prompt, type the following command to copy the file MSVCP100.dll from User-PC02 to User-PC01: copy "C:\Program Files\Testing\msvcp100.dll" "\\User-PC02\C$\Windows\System32"
• After the file is copied, type the following command to register it in the system: regsvr32 msvcp100.dll
• Restart the user’s computer and try to run the Testing program again.

Therefore, based on the instructions given by the user, the correct answers are:

Select Event Viewer Issue: 2187

Select First Command: copy "C:\Program Files\Testing\msvcp100.dll" "\\User-PC02\C$\Windows\System32"

Select Second Command: regsvr32 msvcp100.dll

The most likely cause of the intermittent crashes is that the proprietary software is incompatible, outdated, or corrupted. Reinstalling and updating the software can fix these issues and ensure the software runs smoothly. Reimaging the computer or replacing the system RAM are too drastic and unnecessary steps. Decreasing the page file size can worsen the low memory problem and affect the performance of other applications.

Turning off the machine is the first and most urgent step to prevent further damage to the host and other systems. Ransomware can encrypt files, steal data, and spread to other devices on the network if the infected machine remains online. Turning off the machine will stop the ransomware process and isolate the machine from the network12. The other options are either ineffective or risky. Running a full antivirus scan may not detect or remove the ransomware, especially if it is a new or unknown variant. Removing the LAN card may disconnect the machine from the network, but it will not stop the ransomware from encrypting or deleting files on the local drive. Installing a different endpoint solution may not be possible or helpful if the ransomware has already compromised the system or blocked the installation.

References: 1 3 steps to prevent and recover from ransomware(https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2021/09/07/3-steps-to-prevent-and-recover-from-ransomware/) 2 #StopRansomware Guide | CISA(https://www.cisa.gov/stopransomware/ransomware-guide).

iOS and Android are the two most popular and widely used mobile operating systems for smartphones. They are both based on Unix-like kernels and provide a variety of features and applications for users and developers. iOS is developed by Apple and runs exclusively on Apple devices, such as iPhones and iPads. Android is developed by Google and runs on a range of devices from different manufacturers, such as Samsung, Huawei, and Motorola. The other options are not mobile operating systems for smartphones, but rather for other types of devices or platforms. macOS is a desktop operating system for Apple computers, such as MacBooks and iMacs. Windows is a desktop operating system for Microsoft computers, such as Surface and Dell. Chrome OS is a web-based operating system for Google devices, such as Chromebooks and Chromecast. Linux is a family of open-source operating systems for various devices and platforms, such as Ubuntu, Fedora, and Raspberry Pi.

A VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a service that allows remote employees to access the company’s network resources securely over the internet as if they were on premises. A VPN encrypts the data traffic between the employee’s device and the VPN server, and assigns the employee a virtual IP address that belongs to the company’s network. This way, the employee can access the local servers, files, printers, and other resources without exposing them to the public internet. A VPN also protects the employee’s privacy and identity by masking their real IP address and location.

This is a scenario of a potential tech support scam, where a fraudster pretends to be a technical support agent and tries to trick the user into giving them access to the computer, personal information, or money. The user should not trust any unsolicited calls from unknown people claiming to be from tech support, as they might be trying to install malware, steal data, or charge for fake services. The user should only accept calls from known people, such as their IT department, their service provider, or their software vendor, and verify their identity before logging in to the computer. The user should also report any suspicious calls to the appropriate authorities or organizations.

References:

• How to protect against tech support scams1
• Avoid and report Microsoft technical support scams2
• How to Protect Against Technical Support Scams3
• How To Recognize and Avoid Tech Support Scams4

The most likely causes of the user’s Windows computer performance degradation and freezing are insufficient RAM and excessive software running in the background. Therefore, the technician should do the following to resolve the issue:

• Increase the RAM. RAM is the memory that the computer uses to store and run applications and processes. If the RAM is not enough to handle the workload, the computer will use the hard drive as a virtual memory, which is much slower and can cause performance issues. Increasing the RAM will allow the computer to run more applications and processes smoothly and avoid freezing. The technician should check the system requirements of the applications that the user needs to run, and install additional RAM modules that are compatible with the motherboard and the existing RAM. The technician should also make sure that the system is managing the page file size automatically, or adjust it manually to optimize the virtual memory usage12.
• Uninstall unnecessary software. Software that the user does not need or use can take up valuable disk space and system resources, and can interfere with the performance of other applications. Some software may also run in the background or start automatically when the computer boots up, which can slow down the system and cause freezing. The technician should help the user to identify and uninstall unnecessary software from the control panel or the settings app, and disable unnecessary startup programs from the task manager or the system configuration tool. The technician should also check for and remove viruses and malware that may affect the system performance134.

References:

1: Tips to improve PC performance in Windows - Microsoft Support1 2: How to Upgrade or Install RAM on Your Windows PC - Lifewire5 3: How to Uninstall Programs on Windows 10 - PCMag6 4: How to Fix a Windows Computer that Hangs or Freezes - wikiHow

Improving password security is crucial to protect user accounts from unauthorized access. Requiring passwords to include four character types—uppercase letters, lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters—significantly enhances password complexity. This diversity in characters makes passwords much harder to guess or crack using common methods like brute force attacks, thereby improving overall security.

• Requiring four character types: This approach forces users to create more complex and less predictable passwords, reducing the risk of simple passwords that are easy to exploit.

Decreasing the password expiration times (B) can encourage users to change their passwords more frequently but does not directly address the issue of password complexity. Enabling an automatic lock timer (C) can add a layer of security by locking accounts after a period of inactivity, but it does not improve the strength of the passwords themselves. Adding two characters to the minimum password length (D) can help to some extent by making passwords longer, but without requiring a mix of character types, passwords might still remain relatively easy to guess or crack.

Phishing is the correct answer for this question. Phishing is a type of attack that uses fraudulent emails or other messages to trick users into revealing sensitive information or installing malicious software. Phishing emails often impersonate legitimate entities or individuals and offer incentives or threats to lure users into clicking on malicious links or attachments. In this scenario, the user received a removable USB device in the mail as a prize, which could be a phishing attempt to infect the user’s computer with malware or gain access to the user’s data. Dumpster diving, tailgating, and evil twin are not correct answers for this question. Dumpster diving is a type of attack that involves searching through trash bins or recycling containers to find discarded documents or devices that contain valuable information. Tailgating is a type of attack that involves following an authorized person into a restricted area without proper identification or authorization. Evil twin is a type of attack that involves setting up a rogue wireless access point that mimics a legitimate one to intercept or manipulate network traffic. References:

• Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 25
• [CompTIA Security+ SY0-601 Certification Study Guide], page 1004

MFA stands for multi-factor authentication, which is an electronic authentication method that requires the user to provide two or more verification factors to gain access to a resource such as an application, online account, or a VPN1. MFA provides security enhancement by making it harder for attackers to compromise the user’s identity or credentials, as they would need to obtain more than just the username and password. MFA can also prevent unauthorized access to sensitive data or resources, as well as reduce the risk of identity theft or fraud2. 

The processor is the component that determines if the system supports virtualization technology (VTx), which is required for running virtualization software. The hard drive, memory and video card are not directly related to VTx support, although they may affect the performance of the virtual machines. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-virtualization https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

APFS stands for Apple File System and it is the default filesystem type for macOS since High Sierra (10.13) version1. APFS is optimized for flash storage and supports features such as encryption, snapshots, cloning, and space sharing1.

WPA2/AES (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2/Advanced Encryption Standard) is a wireless security standard that supports enterprise mode, which allows a user to use login credentials (username and password) to authenticate to available corporate SSIDs (service set identifiers). TACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus) and Kerberos are network authentication protocols, but they are not wireless security features. Preshared key is another wireless security feature, but it does not use login credentials. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/wireless-security-standards https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Chain of custody is a process that documents how evidence is collected, handled, stored and transferred during a cybercrime investigation. It ensures that the evidence is authentic, reliable and admissible in court. If the chain of custody is violated during an investigation, it can compromise the integrity of the evidence and lead to the case being dismissed. Open-source software, EULA (end-user license agreement) and AUP (acceptable use policy) are not related to cybercrime investigations or evidence handling. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-chain-of-custody https://www.comptia .org/certifications/a

Power Options is a Control Panel utility that allows users to configure the power settings of their computer, such as when to turn off the display, when to put the computer to sleep, and how to manage the battery life. Power Options also allows users to configure the USB selective suspend setting, which is a feature that automatically suspends the power supply to USB devices that are not in use, in order to save energy. A user can disable this setting if they want to ensure that USB devices are not suspended by the operating system. System, Devices and Printers, and Ease of Access are not Control Panel utilities that can be used to configure the USB selective suspend setting.

FileVault is a macOS utility that uses AES-128 (Advanced Encryption Standard) to encrypt the startup disk of a Mac computer. It protects the data from unauthorized access if the computer is lost or stolen. fdisk and Diskpart are disk partitioning utilities for Linux and Windows, respectively. Disk Utility is another macOS utility that can perform disk management tasks, such as formatting, resizing, repairing, etc. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-filevault https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

The correct answer is B. Printer Properties/Sharing tab. This is the location where the technician can enable printer sharing and assign a share name for the USB printer. This will allow other computers on the network to access the printer by using the share name or the IP address of the computer that has the printer attached1.

1: CompTIA A+ Certification Exam: Core 2 Objectives, page 15, section 1.9.

WPA3 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 3) is a wireless security method that supports the majority of current Wi-Fi-capable devices without sacrificing security. It is backward compatible with WPA2 devices and offers enhanced encryption and authentication features. MAC filtering is another wireless security method, but it can be easily bypassed by spoofing MAC addresses. RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) and TACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus) are network authentication protocols, but they are not wireless security methods by themselves. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/wireless-security-standards https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Personalization is a Windows 10 setting that allows a user to modify the desktop wallpaper, as well as other aspects of the appearance and behavior of the desktop, such as colors, themes, sounds, etc. Apps is a Windows 10 setting that allows a user to manage the installed applications and their features. Updates is a Windows 10 setting that allows a user to check for and install the latest updates for the OS and other components. Display is a Windows 10 setting that allows a user to adjust the screen resolution, brightness, orientation, etc. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/windows-10-settings https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

A secondary account and recovery code are used to reset the primary account and password on an iPhone after it has been locked due to failed login attempts. Fingerprint, pattern, facial recognition and PIN code are biometric or numeric methods that can be used to unlock an iPhone, but they are not helpful if the device has been permanently locked. Verified References: https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204306 https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Shredding is a data destruction method that physically destroys the hard drive by cutting it into small pieces using a machine. Shredding ensures that data is completely removed from the hard drive and cannot be recovered by any means. Shredding is suitable for hard drives that contain PII (personally identifiable information), which is any information that can be used to identify, contact, or locate an individual. Degaussing, low-level formatting, and recycling are not data destruction methods that can guarantee complete data removal from a hard drive.

A cryptominer is a malicious program that uses the CPU resources of a computer to generate cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin or Ethereum. This can cause the CPU to run at 100% utilization and slow down the system. Spyware, virus and keylogger are other types of malware, but they do not necessarily cause high CPU usage. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-cryptomining https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

PXE (Preboot eXecution Environment) boot is an orchestration tool that allows a desktop administrator to deploy a standard image to multiple computers over a network. It requires a PXE server that hosts the image and a PXE client that boots from the network interface card (NIC). USB drive and DVD installation media are not orchestration tools, but manual methods of installing an image on each computer individually. Recovery partition is not an orchestration tool, but a hidden partition on the hard drive that contains an image of the factory settings. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-pxe-boot https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Rolling back the updates is the best way to resolve the issue of slow performance caused by installing the latest Windows security patch. This can be done by using the System Restore feature or by uninstalling the specific update from the Control Panel. Rebuilding user profiles, restarting the services and performing a system file check are not likely to fix the issue, since they do not undo the changes made by the update. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/how-to-roll-back-windows-updates https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Proper ventilation is a factor that can extend the life of a device by preventing overheating and thermal damage to the device’s components. Proper ventilation means ensuring that there is enough airflow around and inside the device to dissipate heat and maintain a suitable temperature for optimal performance. Proper ventilation can be achieved by using fans, heat sinks, vents, or liquid cooling systems, as well as avoiding placing the device near heat sources or in enclosed spaces. Battery backup, electrostatic discharge mat, and green disposal are not factors that can extend the life of a device.

Disk Management is a tool that allows users to create, format, delete, shrink, extend, and manage partitions on hard drives. If the external hard drive is not formatted or has an incompatible filesystem type, Disk Management can be used to format it with a supported filesystem type such as NTFS, FAT32, or exFAT. Device Manager, Disk Cleanup, and Disk Defragmenter are not tools that can format a hard drive.

Rollback refers to the steps to be taken if an issue occurs during a change implementation. It means restoring the system to its previous state before the change was applied, using backup data or configuration files. It can minimize the impact and downtime caused by a failed change. Testing refers to the steps to be taken before a change implementation, to verify that the change works as expected and does not cause any errors or conflicts. Risk refers to the potential negative consequences of a change implementation, such as data loss, security breach, performance degradation, etc. Acceptance refers to the steps to be taken after a change implementation, to confirm that the change meets the requirements and expectations of the stakeholders. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/change-management-process https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

The correct answer is D. Force Quit. Force Quit is a macOS feature that allows users to close an application that has stopped responding. To use Force Quit, users can press and hold Option (or Alt), Command, and Esc (Escape) keys together, or choose Force Quit from the Apple menu in the corner of the screen. A Force Quit window will open, where users can select the application that they want to close and click Force Quit123.

References and Explanation:

• The web search results provide information about how to force an app to quit on Mac using different methods, such as keyboard shortcuts, mouse clicks, or menu options. The results also explain what to do if the app cannot be forced to quit or if the Mac does not respond.
• The first result1 is from the official Apple Support website and provides detailed instructions and screenshots on how to force an app to quit on Mac using the keyboard shortcut or the Apple menu. It also explains how to force quit the Finder app and how to restart or turn off the Mac if needed.
• The second result2 is from the same website but for a different region (UK). It has the same content as the first result but with some minor differences in spelling and wording.
• The third result4 is from a website called Lifehacker that provides tips and tricks for various topics, including technology. It compares how to close a program that is not responding on different operating systems, such as Windows, Mac, and Linux. It briefly mentions how to force quit an app on Mac using the keyboard shortcut or the mouse click.
• The fourth result3 is from a website called Parallels that provides software solutions for running Windows on Mac. It focuses on how to force quit an app on Mac using the keyboard shortcut and provides a video tutorial and a screenshot on how to do it. It also suggests some alternative ways to close an app that is not responding, such as using Activity Monitor or Terminal commands.

The correct answer is A. Amount of system RAM. A Type 2 hypervisor is a virtualization software that runs on top of a host operating system, which means it shares the system resources with the host OS and other applications. Therefore, increasing the amount of system RAM can improve the performance of the hypervisor and the virtual machines running on it. RAM is used to store data and instructions that are frequently accessed by the CPU, and having more RAM can reduce the need for swapping data to and from the storage device, which is slower than RAM.

NIC performance, storage IOPS, and dedicated GPU are not as relevant for improving the hypervisor’s performance in this scenario. NIC performance refers to the speed and quality of the network interface card, which is used to connect the computer to a network. Storage IOPS refers to the number of input/output operations per second that can be performed by the storage device, which is a measure of its speed and efficiency. Dedicated GPU refers to a separate graphics processing unit that can handle complex graphics tasks, such as gaming or video editing. These components may affect other aspects of the computer’s performance, but they are not directly related to the hypervisor’s ability to compile new source code.

The correct answer is D. Services. The print spooler is a service that manages the print queue and sends print jobs to the printer. To restart the print spooler, the salesperson can use the Services app, which allows them to stop and start the service. Alternatively, they can also use the Task Manager or the Command Prompt to restart the print spooler.

References and Explanation:

• The Services app is a tool that displays all the services that are running on the computer. It can be accessed by typing services.msc in the Run window or by searching for Services in the Start menu. The Services app allows users to start, stop, restart, or configure any service, including the print spooler123.
• The Task Manager is a tool that shows information about the processes, applications, and services that are running on the computer. It can be accessed by pressing Ctrl + Shift + Esc or by right-clicking on the taskbar and selecting Task Manager. The Task Manager allows users to start, stop, or restart any service by going to the Services tab and right-clicking on the service name12.
• The Command Prompt is a tool that allows users to execute commands and perform tasks using text input. It can be accessed by typing cmd in the Run window or by searching for Command Prompt in the Start menu. The Command Prompt allows users to start, stop, or restart any service by using the net command with the service name. For example, to restart the print spooler, users can type net stop spooler and then net start spooler1.
• The Control Panel is a tool that provides access to various settings and options for the computer. It can be accessed by typing control panel in the Run window or by searching for Control Panel in the Start menu. The Control Panel does not allow users to restart the print spooler directly, but it can be used to access other tools such as Devices and Printers, Troubleshooting, or Administrative Tools2.
• The Processes tab is a part of the Task Manager that shows information about the processes that are running on the computer. It can be accessed by opening the Task Manager and selecting the Processes tab. The Processes tab does not allow users to restart the print spooler directly, but it can be used to end any process that is related to printing or causing problems with the print spooler2.
• The Startup tab is a part of the Task Manager that shows information about the programs that run automatically when the computer starts. It can be accessed by opening the Task Manager and selecting the Startup tab. The Startup tab does not allow users to restart the print spooler directly, but it can be used to disable or enable any program that affects printing or interferes with the print spooler2.

 Task Manager is the best tool to use to disable applications on startup in Windows 10. Task Manager is a built-in utility that shows the current processes, performance, and users on a system. It also has a Startup tab that lists the applications that run on boot and their impact on the system. The technician can use Task Manager to disable or enable any application on startup by right-clicking on it and selecting the appropriate option. System Configuration, Performance Monitor, and Group Policy Editor are other tools that can be used to manage system settings, but they are not as simple or convenient as Task Manager for this task. References:

• Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 13
• CompTIA A+ Complete Study Guide: Core 1 Exam 220-1101 and Core 2 Exam …, page 103

Browser plug-ins are software components that add functionality to a web browser, such as playing videos, displaying animations, etc. However, some browser plug-ins can also be malicious or compromised and cause unwanted pop-up advertising messages while browsing the internet. A malware scan may not be able to locate the source of the infection if it is hidden in a browser plug-in. Windows updates, DNS settings and certificate store are not likely sources of pop-up advertising messages. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/browser-security https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

A keylogger is a type of malware that captures user input, such as keystrokes, mouse clicks, and clipboard data, and sends it to a malicious actor. Keyloggers can be used to steal passwords, credit card numbers, personal information, and other sensitive data.

The correct answers are E and F. Disabling AutoRun and updating the antivirus definitions are two actions that should be taken to prevent the incident from happening again.

AutoRun is a feature of Windows that automatically executes a predetermined action when a removable media such as a USB drive is inserted in a computer. For example, AutoRun can launch or install a new program on the media, or open the file in File Explorer. However, this feature can also be exploited by malicious software that can run without the user’s consent or knowledge. Therefore, disabling AutoRun can help prevent accidental installation of viruses and other malware from USB drives123.

Updating the antivirus definitions is another important action that can help prevent malware infections from USB drives. Antivirus definitions are files that contain information about the latest known threats and how to detect and remove them. By updating the antivirus definitions regularly, you can ensure that your antivirus software can recognize and block any malicious software that may be on the USB drive before it can harm your computer45.

A host-based IDS is a system that monitors and analyzes the activity on a single computer or device for any signs of intrusion or malicious behavior. A host-based IDS can help detect and prevent malware infections from USB drives, but it is not a sufficient action by itself. A host-based IDS needs to be complemented by other security measures, such as disabling AutoRun and updating the antivirus definitions6.

Restricting login times, enabling a BIOS password, and updating the password complexity are all actions that can help improve the security of a computer or device, but they are not directly related to preventing malware infections from USB drives. These actions can help prevent unauthorized access to the computer or device, but they do not affect how the computer or device interacts with the USB drive or its contents.

Restricting user permissions is an action that can help limit the damage that malware can cause on a computer or device, but it does not prevent the malware from being installed in the first place. Restricting user permissions means limiting what actions a user can perform on the computer or device, such as installing or deleting programs, modifying system settings, or accessing certain files or folders. By restricting user permissions, you can reduce the impact of malware infections by preventing them from affecting other users or system components7.

A workgroup network is a peer-to-peer network where each PC can share files and resources with other PCs without a central server. A public network is a network that is accessible to anyone on the internet. A wide area network is a network that spans a large geographic area, such as a country or a continent. A domain network is a network where a server controls the access and security of the PCs. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/network-types https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Sandbox testing is a method of identifying potential issues with a proposed change prior to implementation. It involves creating a simulated or isolated environment that mimics the real system and applying the change to it. This can help to verify that the change works as expected and does not cause any errors or conflicts. Request form, rollback plan and end-user acceptance are other components of a change management process, but they do not involve identifying issues with a change. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-sandbox-testing https://www.comptia.org/certifications/ a

A change request form is a document that describes the proposed change, the reason for the change, the impact of the change, and the approval process for the change. A change request form is required for any planned changes to the network, such as adding a new network printer, to ensure that the change is authorized, documented, and communicated to all stakeholders. Submitting a change request form should happen immediately before network use is authorized, as stated in the Official CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Guide. The other options are either too late (documenting the date and time of the change) or too early (determining the risk level of the change and requesting an unused IP address) in the change management process.

OSX (now macOS) is an operating system that is considered closed source, meaning that its source code is not publicly available or modifiable by anyone except its developers. It is owned and maintained by Apple Inc. Ubuntu, Android and CentOS are operating systems that are considered open source, meaning that their source code is publicly available and modifiable by anyone who wants to contribute or customize them. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/open-source-vs-closed-source-software https://www. comptia.org/certifications/a

An AUP, or Acceptable Use Policy, is a set of rules applied by the owner, creator, or administrator of a network, website, or service that restricts the ways in which the network, website, or system may be used. In this scenario, the administrator is likely referring to the company's AUP, which outlines what employees can and cannot do on the company's network, including restrictions on accessing certain types of websites, such as sports teams' sites, for non-work-related purposes.

• AUP (Acceptable Use Policy): This policy typically includes rules designed to maintain the security of the network, ensure the productivity of employees, and comply with legal regulations. Blocking access to specific websites is a common practice enforced through an AUP to align with these goals.

An NDA (Non-Disclosure Agreement) (A) is a legal contract between at least two parties that outlines confidential material, knowledge, or information that the parties wish to share with one another for certain purposes but wish to restrict access to or by third parties. A VPN (Virtual Private Network) (C) extends a private network across a public network and enables users to send and receive data across shared or public networks as if their computing devices were directly connected to the private network. SOP (Standard Operating Procedures) (D) are a set of step-by-step instructions compiled by an organization to help workers carry out complex routine operations, which wouldn't typically include website access guidelines.

Over time, especially with frequent opening, modification, and saving of large files, a hard disk drive (HDD) can become fragmented. Fragmentation occurs when pieces of individual files are scattered across the disk, leading to longer read and write times, which can significantly slow down the computer. Disk defragmentation reorganizes these fragmented files, placing the pieces closer together on the drive, which improves access time and overall system performance.

• Disk Defragment: Using the Disk Defragment tool on a Windows 10 system with an HDD will help in reorganizing the data more efficiently, thus potentially remedying the slow performance issue.

The Registry Editor (B) is a tool that allows for the viewing and editing of the Windows registry and is generally not used for performance improvement but rather for system settings and configuration adjustments. System Information (C) provides a detailed look at the computer's hardware and system details but does not offer tools for performance improvement. Disk Cleanup (D) can help free up space on the hard drive by removing temporary files and system files that are no longer needed, which can indirectly improve performance but is not the primary tool for addressing fragmentation.

Configuring a static IP address for a network printer in a SOHO (Small Office/Home Office) environment ensures that the printer maintains the same IP address over time. This consistency is crucial for networked devices like printers, as computers and other devices rely on this specific address to connect to the printer. If the printer's IP address were to change (as it might with DHCP), devices would no longer be able to communicate with it without reconfiguration.

• Static IP: Assigning a static IP address to the printer ensures it always uses the same IP, making it reliably accessible to all computers in the house regardless of network changes or router reboots.

DNS settings (A) are generally not necessary to configure directly on most network printers unless you're dealing with advanced network configurations or using the printer for scanning to email functions. WWAN (C) stands for Wireless Wide Area Network, which is not typically relevant for a standard network printer setup in a home or small office. Metered connection (D) is a Windows feature that helps reduce data usage on a connection, it's not relevant to configuring a printer's network settings.

SQL injection is a type of attack that takes advantage of vulnerabilities in a web application's database query software, allowing an attacker to send malicious SQL commands through the application to the database. These commands can manipulate the database and can lead to unauthorized data access or manipulation.

• SQL injection: In the scenario described, the malicious user was able to export an entire website's user database by entering specific commands into a field on the company's website, which is a classic example of an SQL injection attack. This type of attack exploits vulnerabilities in the database layer of an application to execute unauthorized SQL commands.

Cross-site scripting (A) involves injecting malicious scripts into content from otherwise trusted websites. A brute-force attack (C) is an attempt to gain access to a system by systematically checking all possible keys or passwords until the correct one is found. A DDoS attack (D) is an attempt to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users by overwhelming it with a flood of internet traffic.

For a company with geographically dispersed staff and the need to keep devices updated, using cloud-based endpoint management software is the most efficient method. This type of software allows IT administrators to remotely manage and push updates to company devices, regardless of their location. It ensures that all devices remain up to date with the latest security patches and software updates without requiring physical access or user intervention. This approach is scalable, reduces the risk of unpatched vulnerabilities, and is convenient for both the IT department and the end-users.

Linux is known for its high degree of customizability and flexibility, making it an ideal choice for organizations looking to deploy a customizable operating system. Unlike proprietary operating systems, Linux allows users to modify or replace almost any part of the system, from the kernel to the desktop environment and applications, to suit their specific needs.

• Linux: This open-source operating system provides access to the source code, enabling extensive customization. Organizations can tailor Linux distributions to fit specific requirements, making it a popular choice for servers, specialized workstation environments, and embedded systems.

Windows 10 (A) and macOS (B) offer some level of customization but are more restricted due to their proprietary nature. Chrome OS (D) is designed for simplicity and security, focusing on web applications, which limits deep system-level customizations. iOS (E) is designed for Apple's mobile devices and is not applicable for organizational deployment beyond mobile and tablet devices; it also offers limited customization compared to Linux.

When troubleshooting a Windows system that is experiencing issues during the OS loading phase at startup, enabling boot logging is a practical step. Boot logging creates a record of all drivers and services that are loaded (or attempted to be loaded) during the startup process. This record, typically named ntbtlog.txt, can be reviewed to identify any drivers or services that failed to load, which could be contributing to the startup issues. This diagnostic step helps pinpoint the problematic component(s) and facilitates targeted troubleshooting to resolve the OS loading issues.

If a technician is unable to run an OS installation file and receives a message indicating no software is installed to handle the file, the next step is to mount the ISO file. Mounting the ISO will create a virtual drive from which the installation can be run, mimicking the behavior of a physical installation media.

After rebooting the phone, connecting to Wi-Fi, and disabling metered data, the next step the technician should take is to Clear the cache (D). Clearing the cache can resolve issues with the phone's performance and is often necessary before updating software to ensure that the updates can be downloaded and installed without issues. It removes temporary files that may be interfering with the update process​​.

BitLocker is a full-disk encryption feature included with Windows Vista and later. It is designed to protect data by providing encryption for entire volumes. By encrypting the hard drive, BitLocker prevents unauthorized access to the data stored on the drive, securing it in case the laptop is lost or stolen. BitLocker is preferable over options like Windows Backup (which is for data recovery, not encryption), Shadow Copy (used for backup and does not encrypt data), and Trusted Platform Module (TPM, which is a hardware component used alongside BitLocker for securing encryption keys).

In Windows 10, the "Network & Internet" settings category is where users can manage all network-related configurations, including Wi-Fi connections. To connect to a Wi-Fi network, users need to input the network's SSID (Service Set Identifier) and the corresponding password. This section allows users to view available networks, enter credentials for secure networks, and manage other network features such as airplane mode, VPN, and mobile hotspot settings.

A rollback plan describes the process of reverting a system to its previous state after a failed upgrade or change. This ensures system stability and functionality by restoring known good configurations and is a crucial part of change management to minimize disruptions in case of unsuccessful updates.

In a Small Office/Home Office (SOHO) setup, the technician is most likely to configure mapped drives on a new PC. Mapped drives allow for easy access to shared resources such as files and printers on the network. This setup facilitates file sharing and collaboration within a small network, making it an essential configuration for SOHO environments.

AirDrop is a feature on Apple devices that allows users to wirelessly share files, photos, and videos with nearby Apple devices. If the MacBook is receiving unsolicited AirDrop requests, adjusting the AirDrop settings to allow sharing with contacts only or turning it off completely can help prevent these random pop-up requests.

An image backup captures a complete snapshot of the entire system at a specific point in time, including the operating system, installed applications, user profiles, and system settings. This method is most suitable for backing up the components listed in the question because it ensures that every aspect of the workstation, from the core OS to individual user settings, is preserved and can be restored in its entirety. This is crucial for quickly recovering a system to a fully operational state after a failure or when migrating to new hardware. Other methods like differential, synthetic, and archive backups do not provide the comprehensive one-step restoration capability that an image backup offers for the complete system recovery.

When a WAP (Wireless Access Point) mesh network is experiencing a higher than anticipated amount of traffic, leading to degraded network service, upgrading the network to a more advanced wireless standard can help alleviate the problem. The 802.11n specification, also known as Wireless-N, offers significant improvements over earlier standards like 802.11b/g in terms of speed, range, and reliability. It allows for increased data throughput and better coverage, which can support a higher number of wireless users effectively.

• Upgrading to 802.11n: This involves replacing existing WAPs with those that support the 802.11n standard or higher. The upgrade can result in improved network performance by accommodating more wireless connections with higher data rates, reducing congestion and improving overall network efficiency.

Replacing non-mobile users' laptops with wired desktop systems (A) could reduce wireless traffic but may not be feasible or desirable for all users. Increasing the wireless network adapter metric (B) would affect route priority but not overall network capacity. Adding wireless repeaters (C) can extend the range but might also introduce additional latency and does not necessarily increase the network's capacity to handle more users efficiently.

The app file type is designed to run under macOS as an application file bundle. macOS uses application bundles to store executable files and related resources, such as libraries, image files, and localized content, in a single directory hierarchy. This approach simplifies application management and execution within the macOS environment​​.

When a smartphone is unable to download and install the latest OS update and is operating slower than expected, one of the first things to check is the available storage space. Operating system updates often require a significant amount of free space for downloading and installing, and insufficient space can prevent the update process from initiating or completing.

• Available Storage Space: Smartphones use their internal storage to hold the OS, apps, user data, and temporary files needed for updates. If the storage is nearly full, the device can slow down due to the lack of space for writing temporary files and may not have enough space to download and install updates. Clearing up space can resolve these issues.

Checking application permissions (A) might be relevant for specific app-related issues but is less likely to affect OS updates. The battery charge level (C) can affect the initiation of an update, as some devices require a minimum charge level to start the update process, but it doesn't typically cause slow operation. While a stable Wi-Fi connection (D) is necessary for downloading updates, it's less likely to be the cause of slowed operation and update issues compared to insufficient storage space.

A boot sector virus infects the master boot record (MBR) of a hard drive, the sector that contains information required to start the operating system after the computer is turned on. This type of virus is particularly insidious because it loads into memory immediately upon booting and before most antivirus programs start. This makes it possible for the virus to evade detection and removal, and can easily reinfect a system even after the operating system is reinstalled if the boot sector is not cleaned.

• Boot sector virus: Given that the malware infection returned after the OS reinstallation, it's likely that the virus was not removed from the boot sector during the reinstallation process. Reinstalling the OS without cleaning the boot sector won't remove the infection, allowing the virus to continue to affect the system.

Other options:

• Trojan: A Trojan is a type of malware that disguises itself as legitimate software. While Trojans can be persistent, the reinstallation of the OS should remove any Trojans unless they are reintroduced after installation.
• Spyware: Spyware is designed to gather information about a person or organization without their knowledge. Like Trojans, spyware should be removed with an OS reinstallation unless it is reintroduced in some way.
• Rootkit: Rootkits are designed to enable continued privileged access to a computer while actively hiding their presence. While a rootkit could potentially survive an OS reinstall if it infects the firmware or certain areas outside the OS, the scenario described points more specifically to a boot sector virus, especially considering the immediate return of the infection after OS reinstallation.

Host 2 and Media Server put them to Quarantine.