Labour Day Sale Limited Time 70% Discount Offer - Ends in 0d 00h 00m 00s - Coupon code: scxmas70

SnowPro-Core Exam Dumps - SnowPro Core Certification Exam

Question # 4

In a Snowflake role hierarchy, what is the top-level role?

A.

SYSADMIN

B.

ORGADMIN

C.

ACCOUNTADMIN

D.

SECURITYADMIN

Full Access
Question # 5

If 3 size Small virtual warehouse is made up of two servers, how many servers make up a Large warehouse?

A.

4

B.

8

C.

16

D.

32

Full Access
Question # 6

A user created a transient table and made several changes to it over the course of several days. Three days after the table was created, the user would like to go back to the first version of the table.

How can this be accomplished?

A.

Use Time Travel, as long as DATA_RETENTION_TIME_IN_DAYS was set to at least 3 days.

B.

The transient table version cannot be retrieved after 24 hours.

C.

Contact Snowflake Support to have the data retrieved from Fail-safe storage.

D.

Use the FAIL_SAFE parameter for Time Travel to retrieve the data from Fail-safe storage.

Full Access
Question # 7

Which methods can be used to delete staged files from a Snowflake stage? (Choose two.)

A.

Use the DROP command after the load completes.

B.

Specify the TEMPORARY option when creating the file format.

C.

Specify the PURGE copy option in the COPY INTO

command.

D.

Use the REMOVE command after the load completes.

E.

Use the DELETE LOAD HISTORY command after the load completes.

Full Access
 command, which will automatically delete the files after they have been successfully loaded. Additionally, you can use the REMOVE command after the load completes to manually delete the files from the stage12.

References = DROP STAGE, REMOVE

Question # 8

Which minimum Snowflake edition allows for a dedicated metadata store?

A.

Standard

B.

Enterprise

C.

Business Critical

D.

Virtual Private Snowflake

Full Access
Question # 9

A Snowflake Administrator needs to ensure that sensitive corporate data in Snowflake tables is not visible to end users, but is partially visible to functional managers.

How can this requirement be met?

A.

Use data encryption.

B.

Use dynamic data masking.

C.

Use secure materialized views.

D.

Revoke all roles for functional managers and end users.

Full Access
Question # 10

Which statements are correct concerning the leveraging of third-party data from the Snowflake Data Marketplace? (Choose two.)

A.

Data is live, ready-to-query, and can be personalized.

B.

Data needs to be loaded into a cloud provider as a consumer account.

C.

Data is not available for copying or moving to an individual Snowflake account.

D.

Data is available without copying or moving.

E.

Data transformations are required when combining Data Marketplace datasets with existing data in Snowflake.

Full Access
Question # 11

What is true about sharing data in Snowflake? (Choose two.)

A.

The Data Consumer pays for data storage as well as for data computing.

B.

The shared data is copied into the Data Consumer account, so the Consumer can modify it without impacting the base data of the Provider.

C.

A Snowflake account can both provide and consume shared data.

D.

The Provider is charged for compute resources used by the Data Consumer to query the shared data.

E.

The Data Consumer pays only for compute resources to query the shared data.

Full Access
Question # 12

What is the maximum Time Travel retention period for a temporary Snowflake table?

A.

90 days

B.

1 day

C.

7 days

D.

45 days

Full Access
Question # 13

What is the SNOWFLAKE.ACCOUNT_USAGE view that contains information about which objects were read by queries within the last 365 days (1 year)?

A.

VIEWS_HISTORY

B.

OBJECT_HISTORY

C.

ACCESS_HISTORY

D.

LOGIN_HISTORY

Full Access
Question # 14

When should a multi-cluster warehouse be used in auto-scaling mode?

A.

When it is unknown how much compute power is needed

B.

If the select statement contains a large number of temporary tables or Common Table Expressions (CTEs)

C.

If the runtime of the executed query is very slow

D.

When a large number of concurrent queries are run on the same warehouse

Full Access
Question # 15

When cloning a database containing stored procedures and regular views, that have fully qualified table references, which of the following will occur?

A.

The cloned views and the stored procedures will reference the cloned tables in the cloned database.

B.

An error will occur, as views with qualified references cannot be cloned.

C.

An error will occur, as stored objects cannot be cloned.

D.

The stored procedures and views will refer to tables in the source database.

Full Access
Question # 16

When cloning a database, what is cloned with the database? (Choose two.)

A.

Privileges on the database

B.

Existing child objects within the database

C.

Future child objects within the database

D.

Privileges on the schemas within the database

E.

Only schemas and tables within the database

Full Access
Question # 17

When loading data into Snowflake via Snowpipe what is the compressed file size recommendation?

A.

10-50 MB

B.

100-250 MB

C.

300-500 MB

D.

1000-1500 MB

Full Access
Question # 18

A user created a new worksheet within the Snowsight Ul and wants to share this with teammates

How can this worksheet be shared?

A.

Create a zero-copy clone of the worksheet and grant permissions to teammates

B.

Create a private Data Exchange so that any teammate can use the worksheet

C.

Share the worksheet with teammates within Snowsight

D.

Create a database and grant all permissions to teammates

Full Access
Question # 19

Which of the following are characteristics of Snowflake virtual warehouses? (Choose two.)

A.

Auto-resume applies only to the last warehouse that was started in a multi-cluster warehouse.

B.

The ability to auto-suspend a warehouse is only available in the Enterprise edition or above.

C.

SnowSQL supports both a configuration file and a command line option for specifying a default warehouse.

D.

A user cannot specify a default warehouse when using the ODBC driver.

E.

The default virtual warehouse size can be changed at any time.

Full Access
Question # 20

Which snowflake objects will incur both storage and cloud compute charges? (Select TWO)

A.

Materialized view

B.

Sequence

C.

Secure view

D.

Transient table

E.

Clustered table

Full Access
Question # 21

What is an advantage of using an explain plan instead of the query profiler to evaluate the performance of a query?

A.

The explain plan output is available graphically.

B.

An explain plan can be used to conduct performance analysis without executing a query.

C.

An explain plan will handle queries with temporary tables and the query profiler will not.

D.

An explain plan's output will display automatic data skew optimization information.

Full Access
Question # 22

Which account__usage views are used to evaluate the details of dynamic data masking? (Select TWO)

A.

ROLES

B.

POLICY_REFERENCES

C.

QUERY_HISTORY

D.

RESOURCE_MONIT ORS

E.

ACCESS_HISTORY

Full Access
Question # 23

Which of the following are benefits of micro-partitioning? (Select TWO)

A.

Micro-partitions cannot overlap in their range of values

B.

Micro-partitions are immutable objects that support the use of Time Travel.

C.

Micro-partitions can reduce the amount of I/O from object storage to virtual warehouses

D.

Rows are automatically stored in sorted order within micro-partitions

E.

Micro-partitions can be defined on a schema-by-schema basis

Full Access
Question # 24

What is the minimum Snowflake edition required to create a materialized view?

A.

Standard Edition

B.

Enterprise Edition

C.

Business Critical Edition

D.

Virtual Private Snowflake Edition

Full Access
Question # 25

What happens when a cloned table is replicated to a secondary database? (Select TWO)

A.

A read-only copy of the cloned tables is stored.

B.

The replication will not be successful.

C.

The physical data is replicated

D.

Additional costs for storage are charged to a secondary account

E.

Metadata pointers to cloned tables are replicated

Full Access
Question # 26

A marketing co-worker has requested the ability to change a warehouse size on their medium virtual warehouse called mktg__WH.

Which of the following statements will accommodate this request?

A.

ALLOW RESIZE ON WAREHOUSE MKTG__WH TO USER MKTG__LEAD;

B.

GRANT MODIFY ON WAREHOUSE MKTG WH TO ROLE MARKETING;

C.

GRANT MODIFY ON WAREHOUSE MKTG__WH TO USER MKTG__LEAD;

D.

GRANT OPERATE ON WAREHOUSE MKTG WH TO ROLE MARKETING;

Full Access
Question # 27

What is the purpose of an External Function?

A.

To call code that executes outside of Snowflake

B.

To run a function in another Snowflake database

C.

To share data in Snowflake with external parties

D.

To ingest data from on-premises data sources

Full Access
Question # 28

During periods of warehouse contention which parameter controls the maximum length of time a warehouse will hold a query for processing?

A.

STATEMENT_TIMEOUT__IN__SECONDS

B.

STATEMENT_QUEUED_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS

C.

MAX_CONCURRENCY__LEVEL

D.

QUERY_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS

Full Access
Question # 29

Which Snowflake technique can be used to improve the performance of a query?

A.

Clustering

B.

Indexing

C.

Fragmenting

D.

Using INDEX__HINTS

Full Access
Question # 30

Which copy INTO command outputs the data into one file?

A.

SINGLE=TRUE

B.

MAX_FILE_NUMBER=1

C.

FILE_NUMBER=1

D.

MULTIPLE=FAISE

Full Access
Question # 31

Which Snowflake objects track DML changes made to tables, like inserts, updates, and deletes?

A.

Pipes

B.

Streams

C.

Tasks

D.

Procedures

Full Access
Question # 32

A virtual warehouse's auto-suspend and auto-resume settings apply to which of the following?

A.

The primary cluster in the virtual warehouse

B.

The entire virtual warehouse

C.

The database in which the virtual warehouse resides

D.

The Queries currently being run on the virtual warehouse

Full Access
Question # 33

Which cache type is used to cache data output from SQL queries?

A.

Metadata cache

B.

Result cache

C.

Remote cache

D.

Local file cache

Full Access
Question # 34

What is a machine learning and data science partner within the Snowflake Partner Ecosystem?

A.

Informatica

B.

Power Bl

C.

Adobe

D.

Data Robot

Full Access
Question # 35

What is the MOST performant file format for loading data in Snowflake?

A.

CSV (Unzipped)

B.

Parquet

C.

CSV (Gzipped)

D.

ORC

Full Access
Question # 36

Which of the following are valid methods for authenticating users for access into Snowflake? (Select THREE)

A.

SCIM

B.

Federated authentication

C.

TLS 1.2

D.

Key-pair authentication

E.

OAuth

F.

OCSP authentication

Full Access
Question # 37

Which stage type can be altered and dropped?

A.

Database stage

B.

External stage

C.

Table stage

D.

User stage

Full Access
Question # 38

A user needs to create a materialized view in the schema MYDB.MYSCHEMA.

Which statements will provide this access?

A.

GRANT ROLE MYROLE TO USER USER1;

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW ON SCHEMA MYDB.MYSCHEMA TO ROLE MYROLE;

B.

GRANT ROLE MYROLE TO USER USER1;

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW ON SCHEMA MYDB.MYSCHEMA TO USER USER1;

C.

GRANT ROLE MYROLE TO USER USER1;

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW ON SCHEMA MYDB.MYSCHEMA TO USER1;

D.

GRANT ROLE MYROLE TO USER USER1;

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW ON SCHEMA MYDB.MYSCHEMA TO MYROLE;

Full Access
Question # 39

Which of the following is a valid source for an external stage when the Snowflake account is located on Microsoft Azure?

A.

An FTP server with TLS encryption

B.

An HTTPS server with WebDAV

C.

A Google Cloud storage bucket

D.

A Windows server file share on Azure

Full Access
Question # 40

Which of the following indicates that it may be appropriate to use a clustering key for a table? (Select TWO).

A.

The table contains a column that has very low cardinality

B.

DML statements that are being issued against the table are blocked

C.

The table has a small number of micro-partitions

D.

Queries on the table are running slower than expected

E.

The clustering depth for the table is large

Full Access
Question # 41

Which of the following describes how clustering keys work in Snowflake?

A.

Clustering keys update the micro-partitions in place with a full sort, and impact the DML operations.

B.

Clustering keys sort the designated columns over time, without blocking DML operations

C.

Clustering keys create a distributed, parallel data structure of pointers to a table's rows and columns

D.

Clustering keys establish a hashed key on each node of a virtual warehouse to optimize joins at run-time

Full Access
Question # 42

What features does Snowflake Time Travel enable?

A.

Querying data-related objects that were created within the past 365 days

B.

Restoring data-related objects that have been deleted within the past 90 days

C.

Conducting point-in-time analysis for Bl reporting

D.

Analyzing data usage/manipulation over all periods of time

Full Access
Question # 43

What tasks can be completed using the copy command? (Select TWO)

A.

Columns can be aggregated

B.

Columns can be joined with an existing table

C.

Columns can be reordered

D.

Columns can be omitted

E.

Data can be loaded without the need to spin up a virtual warehouse

Full Access
Question # 44

Which of the following describes external functions in Snowflake?

A.

They are a type of User-defined Function (UDF).

B.

They contain their own SQL code.

C.

They call code that is stored inside of Snowflake.

D.

They can return multiple rows for each row received

Full Access
Question # 45

In which use cases does Snowflake apply egress charges?

A.

Data sharing within a specific region

B.

Query result retrieval

C.

Database replication

D.

Loading data into Snowflake

Full Access
Question # 46

A user has an application that writes a new Tile to a cloud storage location every 5 minutes.

What would be the MOST efficient way to get the files into Snowflake?

A.

Create a task that runs a copy into operation from an external stage every 5 minutes

B.

Create a task that puts the files in an internal stage and automate the data loading wizard

C.

Create a task that runs a GET operation to intermittently check for new files

D.

Set up cloud provider notifications on the Tile location and use Snowpipe with auto-ingest

Full Access
Question # 47

A developer is granted ownership of a table that has a masking policy. The developer's role is not able to see the masked data. Will the developer be able to modify the table to read the masked data?

A.

Yes, because a table owner has full control and can unset masking policies.

B.

Yes, because masking policies only apply to cloned tables.

C.

No, because masking policies must always reference specific access roles.

D.

No, because ownership of a table does not include the ability to change masking policies

Full Access
Question # 48

Which Snowflake object enables loading data from files as soon as they are available in a cloud storage location?

A.

Pipe

B.

External stage

C.

Task

D.

Stream

Full Access
Question # 49

Which data type can be used to store geospatial data in Snowflake?

A.

Variant

B.

Object

C.

Geometry

D.

Geography

Full Access
Question # 50

Which command can be used to load data into an internal stage?

A.

LOAD

B.

copy

C.

GET

D.

PUT

Full Access
Question # 51

Which command is used to unload data from a Snowflake table into a file in a stage?

A.

COPY INTO

B.

GET

C.

WRITE

D.

EXTRACT INTO

Full Access
Question # 52

Which of the following can be used when unloading data from Snowflake? (Choose two.)

A.

When unloading semi-structured data, it is recommended that the STRIP_OUTER_ARRAY option be used.

B.

Use the ENCODING file format option to change the encoding from the default UTF-8.

C.

The OBJECT_CONSTRUCT function can be used to convert relational data to semi-structured data.

D.

By using the SINGLE = TRUE parameter, a single file up to 5 GB in size can be exported to the storage layer.

E.

Use the PARSE_JSON function to ensure structured data will be unloaded into the VARIANT data type.

Full Access
Question # 53

When unloading to a stage, which of the following is a recommended practice or approach?

A.

Set SINGLE: = true for larger files

B.

Use OBJECT_CONSTRUCT ( * ) when using Parquet

C.

Avoid the use of the CAST function

D.

Define an individual file format

Full Access
Question # 54

If queries start to queue in a multi-cluster virtual warehouse, an additional compute cluster starts immediately under what setting?

A.

Auto-scale mode

B.

Maximized mode

C.

Economy scaling policy

D.

Standard scaling policy

Full Access
Question # 55

Which command is used to unload files from an internal or external stage to a local file system?

A.

COPY INTO

B.

GET

C.

PUT

D.

TRANSFER

Full Access
Question # 56

Which native data types are used for storing semi-structured data in Snowflake? (Select TWO)

A.

NUMBER

B.

OBJECT

C.

STRING

D.

VARCHAR

E.

VARIANT

Full Access
Question # 57

What statistical information in a Query Profile indicates that the query is too large to fit in memory? (Select TWO).

A.

Bytes spilled to local cache.

B.

Bytes spilled to local storage.

C.

Bytes spilled to remote cache.

D.

Bytes spilled to remote storage.

E.

Bytes spilled to remote metastore.

Full Access
Question # 58

How long can a data consumer who has a pre-signed URL access data files using Snowflake?

A.

Indefinitely

B.

Until the result_cache expires

C.

Until the retention_time is met

D.

Until the expiration time is exceeded

Full Access
Question # 59

Which languages requite that User-Defined Function (UDF) handlers be written inline? (Select TWO).

A.

Java

B.

Javascript

C.

Scala

D.

Python

E.

SQL

Full Access
Question # 60

How does Snowflake handle the bulk unloading of data into single or multiple files?

A.

It assigns each unloaded data file a unique name.

B.

It uses the put command to download the data by default.

C.

It uses COPY INTO for bulk unloading where the default option is SINGLE - TRUE.

D.

It uses COPY INTO to copy the data from a table into one or more files in an external stage only.

Full Access
Question # 61

In which Snowflake layer does Snowflake reorganize data into its internal optimized, compressed, columnar format?

A.

Cloud Services

B.

Database Storage

C.

Query Processing

D.

Metadata Management

Full Access
Question # 62

What is used to diagnose and troubleshoot network connections to Snowflake?

A.

SnowCD

B.

Snowpark

C.

Snowsight

D.

SnowSQL

Full Access
Question # 63

How would a user execute a series of SQL statements using a task?

A.

Include the SQL statements in the body of the task CREATE TASK mytask .. AS INSERT INTO target1 SELECT .. FROM stream_s1 WHERE .. INSERT INTO target2 SELECT .. FROM stream_s1

WHERE ..

B.

A stored procedure can have only one DML statement per stored procedure invocation and therefore the user should sequence stored procedure calls in the task definition CREATE TASK mytask .... AS

call stored_proc1(); call stored_proc2();

C.

Use a stored procedure executing multiple SQL statements and invoke the stored procedure from the task. CREATE TASK mytask .... AS call stored_proc_multiple_statements_inside();

D.

Create a task for each SQL statement (e.g. resulting in task1, task2, etc.) and string the series of SQL statements by having a control task calling task1, task2, etc. sequentially.

Full Access
Question # 64

A company needs to read multiple terabytes of data for an initial load as part of a Snowflake migration. The company can control the number and size of CSV extract files.

How does Snowflake recommend maximizing the load performance?

A.

Use auto-ingest Snowpipes to load large files in a serverless model.

B.

Produce the largest files possible, reducing the overall number of files to process.

C.

Produce a larger number of smaller files and process the ingestion with size Small virtual warehouses.

D.

Use an external tool to issue batched row-by-row inserts within BEGIN TRANSACTION and COMMIT commands.

Full Access
Question # 65

At what levels can a resource monitor be configured? (Select TWO).

A.

Account

B.

Database

C.

Organization

D.

Schema

E.

Virtual warehouse

Full Access
Question # 66

What are advantages clones have over tables created with CREATE TABLE AS SELECT statement? (Choose two.)

A.

The clone always stays in sync with the original table.

B.

The clone has better query performance.

C.

The clone is created almost instantly.

D.

The clone will have time travel history from the original table.

E.

The clone saves space by not duplicating storage.

Full Access
Question # 67

What is the recommended way to change the existing file format type in my format from CSV to JSON?

A.

ALTER FILE FORMAT my_format SET TYPE=JSON;

B.

ALTER FILE FORMAT my format SWAP TYPE WITH JSON;

C.

CREATE OR REPLACE FILE FORMAT my format TYPE-JSON;

D.

REPLACE FILE FORMAT my format TYPE-JSON;

Full Access
Question # 68

Which of the following activities consume virtual warehouse credits in the Snowflake environment? (Choose two.)

A.

Caching query results

B.

Running EXPLAIN and SHOW commands

C.

Cloning a database

D.

Running a custom query

E.

Running COPY commands

Full Access
Question # 69

Which statement describes how Snowflake supports reader accounts?

A.

A reader account can consume data from the provider account that created it and combine it with its own data.

B.

A consumer needs to become a licensed Snowflake customer as data sharing is only supported between Snowflake accounts.

C.

The users in a reader account can query data that has been shared with the reader account and can perform DML tasks.

D.

The SHOW MANAGED ACCOUNTS command will view all the reader accounts that have been created for an account.

Full Access
Question # 70

A user has a standard multi-cluster warehouse auto-scaling policy in place.

Which condition will trigger a cluster to shut-down?

A.

When after 2-3 consecutive checks the system determines that the load on the most-loaded cluster could be redistributed.

B.

When after 5-6 consecutive checks the system determines that the load on the most-loaded cluster could be redistributed.

C.

When after 5-6 consecutive checks the system determines that the load on the least-loaded cluster could be redistributed.

D.

When after 2-3 consecutive checks the system determines that the load on the least-loaded cluster could be redistributed.

Full Access
Question # 71

A Snowflake user has been granted the create data EXCHANGE listing privilege with their role.

Which tasks can this user now perform on the Data Exchange? (Select TWO).

A.

Rename listings.

B.

Delete provider profiles.

C.

Modify listings properties.

D.

Modify incoming listing access requests.

E.

Submit listings for approval/publishing.

Full Access
Question # 72

What is the MINIMUM Snowflake edition required to use the periodic rekeying of micro-partitions?

A.

Enterprise

B.

Business Critical

C.

Standard

D.

Virtual Private Snowflake

Full Access
Question # 73

Which Snowflake URL type allows users or applications to download or access files directly from Snowflake stage without authentication?

A.

Directory

B.

File

C.

Pre-signed

D.

Scoped

Full Access
Question # 74

Which statement MOST accurately describes clustering in Snowflake?

A.

The database ACCOUNTADMIN must define the clustering methodology for each Snowflake table.

B.

Clustering is the way data is grouped together and stored within Snowflake micro-partitions.

C.

The clustering key must be included in the COPY command when loading data into Snowflake.

D.

Clustering can be disabled within a Snowflake account.

Full Access
Question # 75

Which of the following describes the Snowflake Cloud Services layer?

A.

Coordinates activities in the Snowflake account

B.

Executes queries submitted by the Snowflake account users

C.

Manages quotas on the Snowflake account storage

D.

Manages the virtual warehouse cache to speed up queries

Full Access
Question # 76

When would Snowsight automatically detect if a target account is in a different region and enable cross-cloud auto-fulfillment?

A.

When using a paid listing on the Snowflake Marketplace

B.

When using a private listing on the Snowflake Marketplace

C.

When using a personalized listing on the Snowflake Marketplace

D.

When using a Direct Share with another account

Full Access
Question # 77

Two users share a virtual warehouse named wh dev 01. When one of the users loads data, the other one experiences performance issues while querying data.

How does Snowflake recommend resolving this issue?

A.

Scale up the existing warehouse.

B.

Create separate warehouses for each user.

C.

Create separate warehouses for each workload.

D.

Stop loading and querying data at the same time.

Full Access
Question # 78

Which privilege is required for a role to be able to resume a suspended warehouse if auto-resume is not enabled?

A.

USAGE

B.

OPERATE

C.

MONITOR

D.

MODIFY

Full Access
Question # 79

Which query contains a Snowflake hosted file URL in a directory table for a stage named bronzestage?

A.

list @bronzestage;

B.

select * from directory(@bronzestage);

C.

select metadata$filename from @bronzestage;

D.

select * from table(information_schema.stage_directory_file_registration_history(

stage name=>'bronzestage1));

Full Access
Question # 80

Where is Snowflake metadata stored?

A.

Within the data files

B.

In the virtual warehouse layer

C.

In the cloud services layer

D.

In the remote storage layer

Full Access
Question # 81

What is the difference between a stored procedure and a User-Defined Function (UDF)?

A.

Stored procedures can execute database operations while UDFs cannot.

B.

Returning a value is required in a stored procedure while returning values in a UDF is optional.

C.

Values returned by a stored procedure can be used directly in a SQL statement while the values returned by a UDF cannot.

D.

Multiple stored procedures can be called as part of a single executable statement while a single SQL statement can only call one UDF at a time.

Full Access
Question # 82

Which role has the ability to create and manage users and roles?

A.

ORGADMIN

B.

USERADMIN

C.

SYSADMIN

D.

SECURITYADMIN

Full Access
Question # 83

Which of the following are characteristics of security in Snowflake?

A.

Account and user authentication is only available with the Snowflake Business Critical edition.

B.

Support for HIPAA and GDPR compliance is available for UI Snowflake editions.

C.

Periodic rekeying of encrypted data is available with the Snowflake Enterprise edition and higher

D.

Private communication to internal stages is allowed in the Snowflake Enterprise edition and higher.

Full Access
Question # 84

What type of account can be used to share data with a consumer who does have a Snowflake account?

A.

Data provider

B.

Data consumer

C.

Reader

D.

Organization

Full Access
Question # 85

In the Data Exchange, who can get or request data from the listings? (Select TWO).

A.

Users with ACCOUNTADMIN role

B.

Users with sysadmin role

C.

Users with ORGADMIN role

D.

Users with import share privilege

E.

Users with manage grants privilege

Full Access
Question # 86

What are potential impacts of storing non-native values like dates and timestamps in a variant column in Snowflake?

A.

Faster query performance and increased storage consumption

B.

Slower query performance and increased storage consumption

C.

Faster query performance and decreased storage consumption

D.

Slower query performance and decreased storage consumption

Full Access
Question # 87

Which types of subqueries does Snowflake support? (Select TWO).

A.

Uncorrelated scalar subqueries in WHERE clauses

B.

Uncorrelated scalar subqueries in any place that a value expression can be used

C.

EXISTS, ANY / ALL, and IN subqueries in WHERE clauses: these subqueries can be uncorrelated only

D.

EXISTS, ANY / ALL, and IN subqueries in where clauses: these subqueries can be correlated only

E.

EXISTS, ANY /ALL, and IN subqueries in WHERE clauses: these subqueries can be correlated or uncorrelated

Full Access
Question # 88

Which Snowflake feature or tool helps troubleshoot issues in SQL query expressions that commonly cause performance bottlenecks?

A.

Persisted query results

B.

QUERY_HISTORY View

C.

Query acceleration service

D.

Query Profile

Full Access
Question # 89

Which virtual warehouse consideration can help lower compute resource credit consumption?

A.

Setting up a multi-cluster virtual warehouse

B.

Resizing the virtual warehouse to a larger size

C.

Automating the virtual warehouse suspension and resumption settings

D.

Increasing the maximum cluster count parameter for a multi-cluster virtual warehouse

Full Access
Question # 90

What command is used to export or unload data from Snowflake?

A.

PUT @mystage

B.

GET @mystage

C.

COPY INTO @mystage

D.

INSERT @mystage

Full Access
Question # 91

What does a table with a clustering depth of 1 mean in Snowflake?

A.

The table has only 1 micro-partition.

B.

The table has 1 overlapping micro-partition.

C.

The table has no overlapping micro-partitions.

D.

The table has no micro-partitions.

Full Access
Question # 92

Which views are included in the data_sharing_usage schema? (Select TWO).

A.

ACCESS_HISTORY

B.

DATA_TRANSFER_HISTORY

C.

WAREHOUSE_METERING_HISTORY

D.

MONETIZED_USAGE_DAILY

E.

LISTING TELEMETRY DAILY

Full Access
Question # 93

Which roles can make grant decisions to objects within a managed access schema? (Select TWO)

A.

ACCOUNTADMIN

B.

SECURITYADMIN

C.

SYSTEMADMIN

D.

ORGADMIN

E.

USERADMIN

Full Access
Question # 94

Who can create network policies within Snowflake? (Select TWO).

A.

SYSADMIN only

B.

ORCADMIN only

C.

SECURITYADMIN or higher roles

D.

A role with the CREATE NETWORK POLICY privilege

E.

A role with the CREATE SECURITY INTEGRATION privilege

Full Access
Question # 95

In which hierarchy is tag inheritance possible?

A.

Organization » Account» Role

B.

Account » User » Schema

C.

Database » View » Column

D.

Schema » Table » Column

Full Access
Question # 96

Which command is used to upload data files from a local directory or folder on a client machine to an internal stage, for a specified table?

A.

GET

B.

PUT

C.

CREATE STREAM

D.

COPY INTO

Full Access
Question # 97

Which table function should be used to view details on a Directed Acyclic Graphic (DAG) run that is presently scheduled or is executing?

A.

TASK_HISTORY

B.

TASK_DEPENDENTS

C.

CURRENT_TASK_GRAPHS

D.

COMPLETE_TASK_GRAPHS

Full Access
Question # 98

Which task is supported by the use of Access History in Snowflake?

A.

Data backups

B.

Cost monitoring

C.

Compliance auditing

D.

Performance optimization

Full Access
Question # 99

Which command is used to lake away staged files from a Snowflake stage after a successful data ingestion?

A.

DELETE

B.

DROP

C.

REMOVE

D.

TRUNCATE

Full Access
Question # 100

Which semi-structured file format is a compressed, efficient, columnar data representation?

A.

Avro

B.

JSON

C.

TSV

D.

Parquet

Full Access
Question # 101

Which Snowflake object contains all the information required to share a database?

A.

Private listing

B.

Secure view

C.

Sequence

D.

Share

Full Access
Question # 102

Which feature of Snowflake's Continuous Data Protection (CDP) has associated costs?

A.

Fail-safe

B.

Network policies

C.

End-to-end encryption

D.

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)

Full Access
Question # 103

When a Snowflake user loads CSV data from a stage, which copy into

command guideline should they follow?

A.

The CSV field delimiter must be a comma character (*,"),

B.

The number of columns in each row should be consistent.

C.

The data file in the stage must be in a compressed format.

D.

The data file must have the same number of columns as the target table.

Full Access
Question # 104

Which Snowflake objects can be restored using Time Travel? (Select VNO).

A.

Roles

B.

Users

C.

Databases

D.

Schemas

E.

Virtual warehouses

Full Access
Question # 105

If a virtual warehouse is suspended, what happens to the warehouse cache?

A.

The cache is dropped when the warehouse is suspended and is no longer available upon restart.

B.

The warehouse cache persists for as long the warehouse exists, regardless of its suspension status.

C.

The cache is maintained for up to two hours and can be restored If the warehouse Is restarted within this limit.

D.

The cache is maintained for the auto suspend duration and can be restored it the warehouse 15 restarted within this limit.

Full Access
Question # 106

While running a query on a virtual warehouse in auto-scale mode, additional clusters are stated immediately if which setting is configured?

A)

B)

C)

D)

A.

Option A

B.

Option B

C.

Option C

D.

Option D

Full Access
Question # 107

A user wants to access stored in a stage without authenticating into Snowflake.

Which type of URL should be used?

A.

File URL

B.

Staged URL

C.

Scoped URL

D.

Pre-signed URL

Full Access
Question # 108

Given the statement template below, which database objects can be added to a share?(Select TWO).

GRANT ON To SHARE ;

A.

Secure functions

B.

Stored procedures

C.

Streams

D.

Tables

E.

Tasks

Full Access
Question # 109

What does the Activity area of Snowsight allow users to do? (Select TWO).

A.

Schedule automated data backups.

B.

Explore each step of an executed query.

C.

Monitor queries executed by users in an account.

D.

Create and manage user roles and permissions.

E.

Access Snowflake Marketplace to find and integrate datasets.

Full Access
Question # 110

Which key access control concept does Snowflake descibe as a defined level of access to an object?

A.

Grant

B.

Privilege

C.

Role

D.

Session

Full Access
Question # 111

What do temporary and transient tables have m common in Snowflake? (Select TWO).

A.

Both tables have no Fail-safe period.

B.

Both tables have data retention period maximums of one day.

C.

Both tables are visible only to a single user session.

D.

For both tables the retention period ends when the tables are dropped.

E.

For both tables, the retention period does not end when the session ends

Full Access
Question # 112

What is a non-configurable feature that provides historical data that Snowflake may recover during a 7-day period?

A.

Fail-safe

B.

Time Travel

C.

Cloning

D.

Account replication

Full Access
Question # 113

Which governance feature is supported by all Snowflake editions?

A.

Object tags

B.

Masking policies

C.

Row access policies

D.

OBJECT_DEPENDENCIES View

Full Access
Question # 114

The property mins_to_bypass_network_policy is set at which level?

A.

User

B.

Role

C.

Account

D.

Organization

Full Access
Question # 115

What are the benefits of the replication feature in Snowflake? (Select TWO).

A.

Disaster recovery

B.

Time Travel

C.

Fail-safe

D.

Database failover and fallback

E.

Data security

Full Access
Question # 116

While clustering a table, columns with which data types can be used as clustering keys? (Select TWO).

A.

BINARY

B.

GEOGRAPHY

C.

GEOMETRY

D.

OBJECT

E.

VARIANT

Full Access
Question # 117

Which Snowflake edition offers the highest level of security for organizations that have the strictest requirements?

A.

Standard

B.

Enterprise

C.

Business Critical

D.

Virtual Private Snowflake (VPS)

Full Access
Question # 118

How can a user get the MOST detailed information about individual table storage details in Snowflake?

A.

SHOW TABLES command

B.

SHOW EXTERNAL TABLES command

C.

TABLES view

D.

TABLE STORAGE METRICS view

Full Access
Question # 119

Which function is used to convert rows in a relational table to a single VARIANT column?

A.

ARRAY_AGG

B.

OBJECT_AGG

C.

ARRAY_CONSTRUCT

D.

OBJECT_CONSTRUCT

Full Access
Question # 120

Which activities are included in the Cloud Services layer? {Select TWO).

A.

Data storage

B.

Dynamic data masking

C.

Partition scanning

D.

User authentication

E.

Infrastructure management

Full Access
Question # 121

What are characteristic of Snowsight worksheet? (Select TWO.)

A.

Worksheets can be grouped under folder, and a folder of folders.

B.

Each worksheet is a unique Snowflake session.

C.

Users are limited to running only one on a worksheet.

D.

The Snowflake session ends when a user switches worksheets.

E.

Users can import worksheets and share them with other users.

Full Access
Question # 122

What does the TableScan operator represent in the Query Profile?

A.

The access to a single table

B.

The access to data stored in stage objects

C.

The list of values provided with the VALUES clause

D.

The records generated using the TABLE (GENERATOR (...)) construct

Full Access
Question # 123

What type of function returns one value for each Invocation?

A.

Aggregate

B.

Scalar

C.

Table

D.

Window

Full Access
Question # 124

How does a Snowflake stored procedure compare to a User-Defined Function (UDF)?

A.

A single executable statement can call only two stored procedures. In contrast, a single SQL statement can call multiple UDFs.

B.

A single executable statement can call only one stored procedure. In contrast, a single SQL statement can call multiple UDFs.

C.

A single executable statement can call multiple stored procedures. In contrast, multiple SQL statements can call the same UDFs.

D.

Multiple executable statements can call more than one stored procedure. In contrast, a single SQL statement can call multiple UDFs.

Full Access
Question # 125

Which URL provides access to files in Snowflake without authorization?

A.

File URL

B.

Scoped URL

C.

Pre-signed URL

D.

Scoped file URL

Full Access
Question # 126

Which statement accurately describes Snowflake's architecture?

A.

It uses a local data repository for all compute nodes in the platform.

B.

It is a blend of shared-disk and shared-everything database architectures.

C.

It is a hybrid of traditional shared-disk and shared-nothing database architectures.

D.

It reorganizes loaded data into internal optimized, compressed, and row-based format.

Full Access
Question # 127

Which command can be used to list all the file formats for which a user has access privileges?

A.

LIST

B.

ALTER FILE FORMAT

C.

DESCRIBE FILE FORMAT

D.

SHOW FILE FORMATS

Full Access
Question # 128

Which role has the ability to create a share from a shared database by default?

A.

ACCOUNTADMIN

B.

SECURITYADMIN

C.

SYSADMIN

D.

ORGADMIN

Full Access
Question # 129

What will happen if a Snowflake user increases the size of a suspended virtual warehouse?

A.

The provisioning of new compute resources for the warehouse will begin immediately.

B.

The warehouse will remain suspended but new resources will be added to the query acceleration service.

C.

The provisioning of additional compute resources will be in effect when the warehouse is next resumed.

D.

The warehouse will resume immediately and start to share the compute load with other running virtual warehouses.

Full Access
Question # 130

Which Snowflow object does not consume and storage costs?

A.

Secure view

B.

Materialized view

C.

Temporary table

D.

Transient table

Full Access
Question # 131

When unloading data, which file format preserves the data values for floating-point number columns?

A.

Avro

B.

CSV

C.

JSON

D.

Parquet

Full Access
Question # 132

What criteria does Snowflake use to determine the current role when initiating a session? (Select TWO).

A.

If a role was specified as part of the connection and that role has been granted to the Snowflake user, the specified role becomes the current role.

B.

If no role was specified as part of the connection and a default role has been defined for the Snowflake user, that role becomes the current role.

C.

If no role was specified as part of the connection and a default role has not been set for the Snowflake user, the session will not be initiated and the log in will fail.

D.

If a role was specified as part of the connection and that role has not been granted to the Snowflake user, it will be ignored and the default role will become the current role.

E.

If a role was specified as part of the connection and that role has not been granted to the Snowflake user, the role is automatically granted and it becomes the current role.

Full Access
Question # 133

Which data formats are supported by Snowflake when unloading semi-structured data? (Select TWO).

A.

Binary file in Avro

B.

Binary file in Parquet

C.

Comma-separated JSON

D.

Newline Delimited JSON

E.

Plain text file containing XML elements

Full Access
Question # 134

Which file function generates a SnowFlake-hosted URL that must be authenticated when used?

A.

GET_STATE_LOCATION

B.

GET_PRESENT_URL

C.

BUILD_SCOPED_FILE_URL

D.

BUILD_STAGE_FILE_URL

Full Access
Question # 135

What does the worksheet and database explorer feature in Snowsight allow users to do?

A.

Add or remove users from a worksheet.

B.

Move a worksheet to a folder or a dashboard.

C.

Combine multiple worksheets into a single worksheet.

D.

Tag frequently accessed worksheets for ease of access.

Full Access
Question # 136

Why would a Snowflake user decide to use a materialized view instead of a regular view?

A.

The base tables do not change frequently.

B.

The results of the view change often.

C.

The query is not resource intensive.

D.

The query results are not used frequently.

Full Access
Question # 137

User1, who has the SYSADMIN role, executed a query on Snowsight. User2, who is in the same Snowflake account, wants to view the result set of the query executed by User1 using the Snowsight query history.

What will happen if User2 tries to access the query history?

A.

If User2 has the sysadmin role they will be able to see the results.

B.

If User2 has the securityadmin role they will be able to see the results.

C.

If User2 has the ACCOUNTADMIN role they will be able to see the results.

D.

User2 will be unable to view the result set of the query executed by User1.

Full Access
Question # 138

Which Snowflake layer is associated with virtual warehouses?

A.

Cloud services

B.

Query processing

C.

Elastic memory

D.

Database storage

Full Access
Question # 139

Which Snowflake data type is used to store JSON key value pairs?

A.

TEXT

B.

BINARY

C.

STRING

D.

VARIANT

Full Access
Question # 140

A Snowflake user is writing a User-Defined Function (UDF) that includes some unqualified object names.

How will those object names be resolved during execution?

A.

Snowflake will resolve them according to the SEARCH_PATH parameter.

B.

Snowflake will only check the schema the UDF belongs to.

C.

Snowflake will first check the current schema, and then the schema the previous query used

D.

Snowflake will first check the current schema, and them the PUBLIC schema of the current database.

Full Access
Question # 141

What is the MINIMUM permission needed to access a file URL from an external stage?

A.

MODIFY

B.

READ

C.

SELECT

D.

USAGE

Full Access
Question # 142

A user wants to add additional privileges to the system-defined roles for their virtual warehouse. How does Snowflake recommend they accomplish this?

A.

Grant the additional privileges to a custom role.

B.

Grant the additional privileges to the ACCOUNTADMIN role.

C.

Grant the additional privileges to the SYSADMIN role.

D.

Grant the additional privileges to the ORGADMIN role.

Full Access
Question # 143

A Snowflake user wants to temporarily bypass a network policy by configuring the user object property MINS_TO_BYPASS_NETWORK_POLICY.

What should they do?

A.

Use the SECURITYADMIN role.

B.

Use the SYSADMIN role.

C.

Use the USERADMIN role.

D.

Contact Snowflake Support.

Full Access
Question # 144

Which view can be used to determine if a table has frequent row updates or deletes?

A.

TABLES

B.

TABLE_STORAGE_METRICS

C.

STORAGE_DAILY_HISTORY

D.

STORAGE USAGE

Full Access
Question # 145

Which statistics are displayed in a Query Profile that indicate that intermediate results do not fit in memory? (Select TWO).

A.

Bytes scanned

B.

Partitions scanned

C.

Bytes spilled to local storage

D.

Bytes spilled to remote storage

E.

Percentage scanned from cache

Full Access
Question # 146

Which Snowflake mechanism is used to limit the number of micro-partitions scanned by a query?

A.

Caching

B.

Cluster depth

C.

Query pruning

D.

Retrieval optimization

Full Access
Question # 147

How can performance be optimized for a query that returns a small amount of data from a very large base table?

A.

Use clustering keys

B.

Create materialized views

C.

Use the search optimization service

D.

Use the query acceleration service

Full Access
Question # 148

What is a directory table in Snowflake?

A.

A separate database object that is used to store file-level metadata

B.

An object layered on a stage that is used to store file-level metadata

C.

A database object with grantable privileges for unstructured data tasks

D.

A Snowflake table specifically designed for storing unstructured files

Full Access
Question # 149

Which Snowflake table objects can be shared with other accounts? (Select TWO).

A.

Temporary tables

B.

Permanent tables

C.

Transient tables

D.

External tables

E.

User-Defined Table Functions (UDTFs)

Full Access
Question # 150

What step can reduce data spilling in Snowflake?

A.

Using a larger virtual warehouse

B.

Increasing the virtual warehouse maximum timeout limit

C.

Increasing the amount of remote storage for the virtual warehouse

D.

Using a common table expression (CTE) instead of a temporary table

Full Access
Question # 151

Which object can be used with Secure Data Sharing?

A.

View

B.

Materialized view

C.

External table

D.

User-Defined Function (UDF)

Full Access
Question # 152

What are the least privileges needed to view and modify resource monitors? (Select TWO).

A.

SELECT

B.

OWNERSHIP

C.

MONITOR

D.

MODIFY

E.

USAGE

Full Access
Question # 153

What does the LATERAL modifier for the FLATTEN function do?

A.

Casts the values of the flattened data

B.

Extracts the path of the flattened data

C.

Joins information outside the object with the flattened data

D.

Retrieves a single instance of a repeating element in the flattened data

Full Access
Question # 154

What is the purpose of the Snowflake SPLIT TO_TABLE function?

A.

To count the number of characters in a string

B.

To split a string into an array of sub-strings

C.

To split a string and flatten the results into rows

D.

To split a string and flatten the results into columns

Full Access
Question # 155

What is the primary purpose of a directory table in Snowflake?

A.

To store actual data from external stages

B.

To automatically expire file URLs for security

C.

To manage user privileges and access control

D.

To store file-level metadata about data files in a stage

Full Access
Question # 156

When using the ALLOW CLIENT_MFA_CACHING parameter, how long is a cached Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) token valid for?

A.

1 hour

B.

2 hours

C.

4 hours

D.

8 hours

Full Access
Question # 157

A tag object has been assigned to a table (TABLE_A) in a schema within a Snowflake database.

Which CREATE object statement will automatically assign the TABLE_A tag to a target object?

A.

CREATE TABLE LIKE TABLE_A;

B.

CREATE VIEW AS SELECT * FROM TABLE_A;

C.

CREATE TABLE AS SELECT * FROM TABLE_A;

D.

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW AS SELECT * FROM TABLE A;

Full Access
Question # 158

What objects in Snowflake are supported by Dynamic Data Masking? (Select TWO).'

A.

Views

B.

Materialized views

C.

Tables

D.

External tables

E.

Future grants

Full Access
Question # 159

Which Snowflake role can manage any object grant globally, including modifying and revoking grants?

A.

USERADMIN

B.

ORGADMIN

C.

SYSADMIN

D.

SECURITYADMIN

Full Access
Question # 160

Which Snowflake function will parse a JSON-null into a SQL-null?

A.

TO_CHAR

B.

TO_VARIANT

C.

TO_VARCHAR

D.

STRIP NULL VALUE

Full Access
Question # 161

What Snowflake feature provides a data hub for secure data collaboration, with a selected group of invited members?

A.

Data Replication

B.

Secure Data Sharing

C.

Data Exchange

D.

Snowflake Marketplace

Full Access
Question # 162

How is unstructured data retrieved from data storage?

A.

SQL functions like the GET command can be used to copy the unstructured data to a location on the client.

B.

SQL functions can be used to create different types of URLs pointing to the unstructured data. These URLs can be used to download the data to a client.

C.

SQL functions can be used to retrieve the data from the query results cache. When the query results are output to a client, the unstructured data will be output to the client as files.

D.

SQL functions can call on different web extensions designed to display different types of files as a web page. The web extensions will allow the files to be downloaded to the client.

Full Access
Question # 163

At what level is the MIN_DATA_RETENTION_TIME_IN_DAYS parameter set?

A.

Account

B.

Database

C.

Schema

D.

Table

Full Access
Question # 164

What metadata does Snowflake store for rows in micro-partitions? (Select TWO).

A.

Range of values

B.

Distinct values

C.

Index values

D.

Sorted values

E.

Null values

Full Access
Question # 165

Which Snowflake feature allows administrators to identify unused data that may be archived or deleted?

A.

Access history

B.

Data classification

C.

Dynamic Data Masking

D.

Object tagging

Full Access
Question # 166

Which operation can be performed on Snowflake external tables?

A.

INSERT

B.

JOIN

C.

RENAME

D.

ALTER

Full Access
Question # 167

How should clustering be used to optimize the performance of queries that run on a very large table?

A.

Manually re-cluster the table regularly.

B.

Choose one high cardinality column as the clustering key.

C.

Use the column that is most-frequently used in query select clauses as the clustering key.

D.

Assess the average table depth to identify how clustering is impacting the query.

Full Access
Question # 168

Which Snowflake function is maintained separately from the data and helps to support features such as Time Travel, Secure Data Sharing, and pruning?

A.

Column compression

B.

Data clustering

C.

Micro-partitioning

D.

Metadata management

Full Access
Question # 169

Which type of loop requires a BREAK statement to stop executing?

A.

FOR

B.

LOOP

C.

REPEAT

D.

WHILE

Full Access
Question # 170

Which function unloads data from a relational table to JSON?

A.

TO_OBJECT

B.

TO_JSON

C.

TO_VARIANT

D.

OBJECT CONSTRUCT

Full Access
Question # 171

Which parameter can be set at the account level to set the minimum number of days for which Snowflake retains historical data in Time Travel?

A.

DATA_RETENTION_TIME_IN_DAYS

B.

MAX_DATA_EXTENSION_TIME_IN_DAYS

C.

MIN_DATA_RETENTION_TIME_IN_DAYS

D.

MAX CONCURRENCY LEVEL

Full Access
Question # 172

What does SnowCD help Snowflake users to do?

A.

Copy data into files.

B.

Manage different databases and schemas.

C.

Troubleshoot network connections to Snowflake.

D.

Write SELECT queries to retrieve data from external tables.

Full Access
Question # 173

Which privilege must be granted by one role to another role, and cannot be revoked?

A.

MONITOR

B.

OPERATE

C.

OWNERSHIP

D.

ALL

Full Access
Question # 174

What function can be used with the recursive argument to return a list of distinct key names in all nested elements in an object?

A.

FLATTEN

B.

GET_PATH

C.

CHECK_JSON

D.

PARSE JSON

Full Access
Question # 175

A user with which privileges can create or manage other users in a Snowflake account? (Select TWO).

A.

GRANT

B.

SELECT

C.

MODIFY

D.

OWNERSHIP

E.

CREATE USER

Full Access
Question # 176

What factors impact storage costs in Snowflake? (Select TWO).

A.

The account type

B.

The storage file format

C.

The cloud region used by the account

D.

The type of data being stored

E.

The cloud platform being used

Full Access
Question # 177

What features that are part of the Continuous Data Protection (CDP) feature set in Snowflake do not require additional configuration? (Choose two.)

A.

Row level access policies

B.

Data masking policies

C.

Data encryption

D.

Time Travel

E.

External tokenization

Full Access
Question # 178

How should a virtual warehouse be configured if a user wants to ensure that additional multi-clusters are resumed with no delay?

A.

Configure the warehouse to a size larger than generally required

B.

Set the minimum and maximum clusters to autoscale

C.

Use the standard warehouse scaling policy

D.

Use the economy warehouse scaling policy

Full Access
Question # 179

A user is preparing to load data from an external stage

Which practice will provide the MOST efficient loading performance?

A.

Organize files into logical paths

B.

Store the files on the external stage to ensure caching is maintained

C.

Use pattern matching for regular expression execution

D.

Load the data in one large file

Full Access
Question # 180

What happens to historical data when the retention period for an object ends?

A.

The data is cloned into a historical object.

B.

The data moves to Fail-safe

C.

Time Travel on the historical data is dropped.

D.

The object containing the historical data is dropped.

Full Access
Question # 181

Which of the following describes a Snowflake stored procedure?

A.

They can be created as secure and hide the underlying metadata from the user.

B.

They can only access tables from a single database.

C.

They can contain only a single SQL statement.

D.

They can be created to run with a caller's rights or an owner's rights.

Full Access