SECRET-SEN Exam Dumps - CyberArk Sentry - Secrets Manager

The cause of the issue is that the host does not have access to the credential. This can happen if the host does not have the correct permissions or if the credential is not properly configured in the Vault Conjur Synchronizer.

The Vault Conjur Synchronizer is a tool that enables the integration between CyberArk Vault and Conjur Secrets Manager Enterprise. The Synchronizer synchronizes secrets that are stored and managed in the CyberArk Vault with Conjur Enterprise, and allows them to be used via Conjur clients, APIs, and SDKs. The Synchronizer creates and updates Conjur policies and variables based on the Vault accounts and safes, and assigns permissions to Conjur hosts based on the Vault allowed machines.

To fix this issue, the host needs to have the permission to access the credential in Conjur. This can be done by adding the host to the allowed machines list of the Vault account that corresponds to the credential, and synchronizing the changes with Conjur. Alternatively, the host can be granted the permission to access the credential in Conjur by modifying the Conjur policy that corresponds to the Vault safe that contains the credential, and loading the policy to Conjur. However, this may cause conflicts or inconsistencies with the Synchronizer, and is not recommended.

For more information, see the CyberArk Vault Synchronizer docs1 and the Synchronizer Troubleshooting guide2.

According to the CyberArk Sentry Secrets Manager documentation1, the steps to failback to the primary site after a manual failover to the disaster recovery site are as follows:

• On the DR site, stop the Conjur Leader node using the command docker stop .
• On the primary site, generate a seed for the new Leader node using the command evoke seed leader . This will create a file named .tar in the current directory.
• On the primary site, copy the Leader seed file to the new Leader server using the command scp .tar :.tar
• On the new Leader server, create a new container using the same name as the one you just stopped, and load the Leader seed file using the command docker run --name -d --restart=always -v /var/log/conjur:/var/log/conjur -v /opt/conjur/backup:/opt/conjur/backup -p "443:443" -p "5432:5432" -p "1999:1999" cyberark/conjur:latest seed fetch .tar
• On the new Leader server, configure the Conjur Leader node using the command evoke configure leader -h -p
• On the new Leader server, reconfigure the Vault Conjur Synchronizer to point to the new Conjur Leader using the command evoke vault sync set
• On the DR site, generate a seed for the new Standby node using the command evoke seed standby . This will create a file named .tar in the current directory.
• On the DR site, copy the Standby seed file to the new Standby server using the command scp .tar :.tar
• On the new Standby server, create a new container using the same name as the one you just stopped, and load the Standby seed file using the command docker run --name -d --restart=always -v /var/log/conjur:/var/log/conjur -v /opt/conjur/backup:/opt/conjur/backup -p "443:443" -p "5432:5432" -p "1999:1999" cyberark/conjur:latest seed fetch .tar
• On the new Standby server, re-enroll the node to the cluster using the command evoke cluster enroll

The other options are not correct, as they are either unnecessary or incorrect. Contacting CyberArk for a new license file is not required, as the license is valid for both sites. Reconfiguring the Vault Conjur Synchronizer to point to the new Conjur Leader is a step that should be done on the new Leader server, not on the DR site. Triggering autofailover to promote the Standby in Site A to Leader is not possible, as the Standby node is not aware of the manual failover and will not accept the promotion request.

According to the CyberArk Sentry Secrets Manager documentation, Conjur is a secrets management solution that consists of a leader node and one or more follower nodes. The leader node is responsible for managing the secrets, policies, and audit records, while the follower nodes are read-only replicas that can serve secrets requests from applications. To achieve high availability in AWS cloud infrastructure, the minimally viable Conjur deployment architecture is to have one follower in each availability zone (AZ) and a load balancer for the region. This way, if one AZ fails, the applications can still access secrets from another AZ through the load balancer. Having two followers in each region, load balanced for the region, is not enough to ensure high availability, as a regional outage can affect both followers. Having two followers in each AZ, load balanced for the region, is more than necessary, as one follower per AZ can handle the secrets requests. Having two followers in each region, load balanced across all regions, is not feasible, as Conjur does not support cross-region replication. References: 1: Conjur Architecture 2: Deploying Conjur on AWS

This is the most likely cause of this issue because it creates a discrepancy between the passwords stored in the Primary Vault and the DR Vault, which affects the Vault Conjur Synchronizer service (Synchronizer) and the application. The Synchronizer is a service that synchronizes secrets from the CyberArk Vault to the Conjur database. The application is a client that retrieves secrets from the Conjur database using the Conjur REST API. The CPM is a component that manages the lifecycle of the passwords stored in the CyberArk Vault, such as changing, verifying, and reconciling them. If the CPM is writing password changes to the Primary Vault while the Synchronizer is configured to replicate from the DR Vault, the following scenario may occur:

• The CPM changes the password for an account in the Primary Vault and updates the password value in the Vault database.
• The Synchronizer does not detect the password change in the DR Vault, as the DR Vault database has not been updated yet with the new password value.
• The Synchronizer does not sync the new password value to the Conjur database, as it assumes that the password value in the DR Vault database is the latest and correct one.
• The application requests the password value from the Conjur database and receives the old password value, which is different from the new password value in the Primary Vault database.
• The application tries to use the old password value to access the target platform or device and fails, as the target platform or device expects the new password value.

This answer is based on the CyberArk Secrets Manager documentation1 and the CyberArk Secrets Manager training course2.

ServiceAccount and StatefulSet are two of the Kubernetes resources/objects that can be used as Conjur identities, in addition to Namespace and Deployment. Conjur identities are the entities that can authenticate with Conjur and retrieve secrets from it. Conjur supports authenticating Kubernetes resources/objects using the Conjur Kubernetes Authenticator, which is a sidecar or init container that runs alongside the application container and injects the Conjur access token into a shared volume. The application container can then use the access token to fetch secrets from Conjur.

A ServiceAccount is a Kubernetes resource that represents an identity for processes that run in a pod. ServiceAccounts can be used to grant specific privileges and permissions to the pod, and to enable communication with the Kubernetes API server. A ServiceAccount can be used as a Conjur identity by annotating it with the Conjur authentication policy branch ID, and by creating a Conjur host entity that matches the ServiceAccount name and namespace. The Conjur Kubernetes Authenticator will then use the ServiceAccount token to authenticate the pod with Conjur and obtain the Conjur access token.

A StatefulSet is a Kubernetes resource that manages the deployment and scaling of a set of pods, and provides guarantees about the ordering and uniqueness of these pods. StatefulSets are useful for applications that require stable and persistent identities, such as databases, message brokers, or distributed systems. A StatefulSet can be used as a Conjur identity by annotating it with the Conjur authentication policy branch ID, and by creating a Conjur host entity that matches the StatefulSet name and namespace. The Conjur Kubernetes Authenticator will then use the pod name and namespace to authenticate the pod with Conjur and obtain the Conjur access token.

The other options are not valid Kubernetes resources/objects that can be used as Conjur identities. Replica sets are a lower-level resource that are usually managed by higher-level resources such as Deployments or StatefulSets, and do not have their own identity or annotations. Secrets are a Kubernetes resource that store sensitive information such as passwords, tokens, or keys, and are not meant to be used as identities. Tokenreviews are a Kubernetes resource that are used to verify the validity of a ServiceAccount token, and are not meant to be used as identities either. References:

• Securing Secrets in Kubernetes - CyberArk Developer, Section “Conjur Kubernetes Authentication: A Hands-On Demonstration”
• GitHub - cyberark/secrets-provider-for-k8s: Cyberark secrets provider …, Section “Consuming Secrets from CyberArk Secrets Provider”
• Secure your Kubernetes-deployed applications with CyberArk Conjur, Section “How it works”
• Simplify and Improve Container Security Using New CyberArk Conjur …, Section “CyberArk Conjur Enterprise”
• Keeping Secrets Secure on Kubernetes - CyberArk Developer, Section “The Solution”

= According to the CyberArk Sentry Secrets Manager documentation, the replace method is used to overwrite an existing policy branch with a new policy file. This method is suitable for making changes to the existing resources, such as modifying their annotations, permissions, or attributes. The replace method preserves the existing data and secrets associated with the resources, but removes any resources that are not defined in the new policy file. Therefore, to change the annotations for authentication of a Conjur host, the replace method is the best option.

The append method is used to add new resources or data to an existing policy branch, without affecting the existing resources. This method is suitable for creating new hosts, groups, variables, or secrets, but not for modifying the existing ones. The append method will ignore any changes to the existing resources, such as annotations, and will only load the new resources or data.

The delete method is used to remove resources or data from an existing policy branch, without affecting the other resources. This method is suitable for deleting hosts, groups, variables, or secrets, but not for modifying them. The delete method will remove any resources or data that are defined in the policy file, and will ignore any resources or data that are not defined in the policy file.

The update method is used to modify the data or secrets associated with existing resources, without affecting the resources themselves. This method is suitable for changing the values of variables or secrets, but not for changing the annotations, permissions, or attributes of the resources. The update method will only load the data or secrets that are defined in the policy file, and will ignore any resources or data that are not defined in the policy file. References: = Annotation reference | CyberArk Docs; Policy load modes | CyberArk Docs; Policy - docs.cyberark.com

The correct order for prioritization of the findings is as follows:

• A new vulnerability scanner project is nearing completion and is expected to go into production soon. This scanner is owned by the Security Team that owns CyberArk. This finding should be prioritized first because it has the highest urgency, feasibility, and alignment with the Security Team’s goals. The vulnerability scanner is a critical security tool that needs to protect its credentials from unauthorized access. The Security Team can leverage their own expertise and authority to implement the Secrets Manager solution for this project without much delay or dependency.
• A large, high performance application under PCI DSS regulation will require many CPs. This will require a license purchase. The procurement process can take 6-12 months. The development team is eager to work with Security on this project. This finding should be prioritized second because it has a high impact, compliance requirement, and stakeholder support. The application handles sensitive payment card data that needs to be secured by the Secrets Manager solution. The development team is willing to collaborate with the Security Team on this project and can help with the technical aspects of the implementation. However, this finding also has a high cost and a long lead time due to the license purchase and the procurement process.
• A small, internally developed application under HIPPA regulation needs updates to the application code to retrieve secrets from a Secrets Manager solution. The development team stated they cannot accommodate this work before next quarter. This finding should be prioritized third because it has a moderate impact, compliance requirement, and feasibility. The application handles protected health information that needs to be secured by the Secrets Manager solution. The development team is aware of the need to update the application code to integrate with the Secrets Manager solution, but they have other priorities and constraints that prevent them from doing so in the near term.

Here's the reasoning behind this order:

1. New vulnerability scanner project:

This project directly impacts CyberArk's Security Team, making it a high priority due to potential internal security concerns. Additionally, its near-completion state suggests a quicker implementation timeframe.

2. Large application under PCI DSS:

While this application requires significant resources and time investment due to license purchase and development, its high performance and PCI DSS regulation compliance mandate prioritization. Delaying this project could potentially lead to security vulnerabilities and compliance issues.

3. Small application under HIPAA:

Although HIPAA regulation necessitates compliance, the application's size and development team's delay request suggest a lower priority compared to the previous two projects. However, it should still be addressed within the next quarter as mandated by the development team.

 Conjur Summon is an open source utility that can fetch secrets from Conjur and export them as environment variables to a sub-process environment. This way, the secrets are not exposed or stored in the script, but are only available at run time. To use Conjur Summon, you need to install the summon-conjur provider on each workstation, define the secrets in a secrets.yml file, and wrap the PowerShell script in summon. For example, if the secret ID is win/domain/cred, the secrets.yml file would look like this:

DOMAIN_CRED: !var win/domain/cred

And the summon command would look like this:

summon --provider summon-conjur powershell script.ps1

This will inject the secret value of win/domain/cred as an environment variable named DOMAIN_CRED to the PowerShell script. The script can then access the secret using the $env:DOMAIN_CRED syntax.

References: Summon-inject secrets, cyberark/summon-conjur

Conjur is a secrets management solution that securely stores and manages secrets and credentials used by applications, DevOps tools, and other systems. Conjur provides a REST API that enables users to perform various operations on Conjur objects, such as secrets, policies, roles, and resources. The API endpoint for each Conjur object is composed of the base URL of the Conjur server, followed by the object type and identifier. For example, the API endpoint for a secret named db-password in the dev/my-app policy is:

https:// /secrets/dev/my-app/db-password

To discover secrets inside of Conjur, the API endpoint that can be used is Resources. Resources are Conjur objects that have permissions and annotations associated with them, such as secrets, hosts, groups, and layers. The Resources API endpoint allows users to list, search, and filter resources based on various criteria, such as kind, owner, policy, and annotation. For example, the following API request will return a list of all secrets owned by the user alice:

https:// /resources?kind=variable&owner=user:alice

The Resources API endpoint can help users to discover secrets inside of Conjur by providing information such as the name, ID, policy, owner, and annotations of each secret. Users can also use the Resources API endpoint to check the permissions and audit records of each secret, and to retrieve the secret value if they have the read permission.

References = Conjur API; Resources API; Secrets API

= Summon is a command-line tool that provides on-demand secrets access for common DevOps tools. It reads a file in secrets.yml format and injects secrets as environment variables into any process. The secrets.yml file is where you define which secrets to retrieve from a trusted store, such as CyberArk Secrets Manager. The secrets.yml file specifies the name and location of each secret, as well as the environment variable to assign it to. For example, a secrets.yml file could look like this:

DB_USERNAME: !var dev/my-app/db-username DB_PASSWORD: !var dev/my-app/db-password

This means that Summon will fetch the values of dev/my-app/db-username and dev/my-app/db-password from the trusted store, and assign them to the environment variables DB_USERNAME and DB_PASSWORD, respectively. Then, Summon will run the specified process with these environment variables set, and remove them once the process exits. This way, Summon enables secure and convenient access to secrets without exposing them in plain text or storing them in files.

References = Summon by cyberark - GitHub Pages; Using Summon to Manage Secrets as You Move From Dev to Prod

The most likely cause for this issue is A. malformed Policy file. A 422 Response from Conjur indicates that the request was well-formed but was unable to be followed due to semantic errors. A common semantic error when loading policy is having a malformed Policy file, which means that the Policy file does not follow the correct syntax, structure, or logic of the Conjur Policy language. A malformed Policy file can result from typos, missing or extra characters, incorrect indentation, invalid references, or other mistakes that prevent Conjur from parsing and applying the Policy file. The message that accompanies the 422 Response will usually provide more details about the error and the location of the problem in the Policy file.

To resolve this issue, you should review the Policy file and check for any errors or inconsistencies. You can use a YAML validator or a text editor with syntax highlighting to help you identify and correct any syntax errors. You can also use the Conjur Policy Simulator to test and debug your Policy file before loading it to Conjur. The Conjur Policy Simulator is a web-based tool that allows you to upload your Policy file and see how it will affect the Conjur data model, without actually loading it to Conjur. You can also use the Conjur Policy Simulator to compare different versions of your Policy file and see the changes and conflicts between them. For more information, refer to the following resources:

• Policy - CyberArk, Section “Policy”
• Policy Language - CyberArk, Section “Policy Language”
• Conjur Policy Simulator - CyberArk, Section “Conjur Policy Simulator”

 Conjur uses TLS certificates for authentication between nodes and clients. These certificates are either self-signed by Conjur or imported from a third-party CA. All the certificates are stored in the /opt/conjur/etc/ssl directory from the Conjur containers. This directory contains the following files:

• ca.crt: The CA certificate used to verify all Conjur node certificates. This is either the self-signed Conjur CA certificate or the imported third-party CA certificate.
• server.crt: The server certificate used by the Conjur node for HTTPS and mTLS connections. This certificate contains the DNS names of the node and the load balancer in the CN and SAN fields.
• server.key: The private key corresponding to the server certificate.
• cert.pem: A symbolic link to the server certificate file.
• key.pem: A symbolic link to the server key file.

References: Certificate architecture, Certificate requirements, Rotate certificates

Learn more:

References:

• CyberArk Sentry Secrets Manager documentation: https://docs.cyberark.com/Portal/Content/Resources/_TopNav/cc_Portal.htm
• CyberArk Sentry Secrets Manager course materials: https://training.cyberark.com/learn
• CyberArk whitepapers and technical resources: https://www.cyberark.com/resources/home/cyberark-secrets-manager

• The authentication flow begins with the requester presenting their credentials to Conjur. This can be in the form of a username and password, an API key, or another supported method.
• Conjur verifies the presented credentials against its internal database. If the credentials are valid, Conjur generates and returns a short-lived access token to the requester.
• The requester includes the access token with every subsequent request to access Conjur resources. This allows Conjur to identify the requester and authorize their access to specific secrets and functionalities based on configured policies.
• Finally, each request is evaluated against the Conjur RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) rules defined in its policy. These rules determine which users and roles have access to specific resources and what actions they can perform. Only requests that comply with these rules are granted access.

The log entry shows a failed authentication attempt with Conjur using the authn-jwt method. This method allows applications to authenticate with Conjur using JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) that are signed by a trusted identity provider. In this case, the application is Jenkins, which is a CI/CD tool that can integrate with Conjur using the Conjur Jenkins plugin. The plugin allows Jenkins to securely retrieve secrets from Conjur and inject them as environment variables into Jenkins pipelines or projects.

The log entry indicates that the JWT sent by Jenkins was rejected by Conjur because of an SSL connection error. The error message says that the certificate chain of Jenkins could not be verified by Conjur, and that the certificate authority (CA) that signed the Jenkins certificate was unknown to Conjur. This means that the Jenkins certificate chain is not trusted by Conjur, and that Conjur does not have the CA certificate of Jenkins in its trust store. Therefore, Conjur cannot establish a secure and trusted connection with Jenkins, and cannot validate the JWT signature.

To fix this problem, the Jenkins certificate chain needs to be trusted by Conjur. This can be done by copying the CA certificate of Jenkins to the Conjur server, and adding it to the Conjur trust store. The Conjur trust store is a directory that contains the CA certificates of the trusted identity providers for the authn-jwt method. The Conjur server also needs to be restarted for the changes to take effect.

References = Conjur Jenkins Plugin; Conjur JWT Authentication; Conjur Trust Store

This is the correct answer because the message indicates that the audit retention process has successfully completed and deleted the specified number of rows from the audit database (audit.db). The audit retention process is a scheduled task that runs periodically to delete old audit records from the audit database based on the retention period configured in the Conjur UI. The audit retention process also performs a vacuum operation to reclaim the disk space and optimize the database performance. The message does not require any action from the user, as it is a normal and expected outcome of the audit retention process. This answer is based on the CyberArk Secrets Manager documentation1 and the CyberArk Secrets Manager training course2.

The other options are not correct statements about the message. The message does not imply that the user specified for Conjur does not have the appropriate permissions to retrieve the audit database, as the message is not an error or a warning, but a confirmation of the audit retention process. The user specified for Conjur is the user that is used to connect to the Conjur server and perform operations on the Conjur resources, such as roles, policies, secrets, and audit records. The user specified for Conjur needs to have the appropriate permissions to access the audit database, but the message does not indicate any problem with the user permissions.

The message does not imply that when audit retention was performed, the query on the UI audit database generated an error, as the message is not an error or a warning, but a confirmation of the audit retention process. The query on the UI audit database is the query that is used to display the audit records in the Conjur UI. The query on the UI audit database is not related to the audit retention process, which is a background task that runs on the Conjur server and deletes the old audit records from the audit database. The message does not indicate any problem with the query on the UI audit database.

The message does not imply that the Vault Conjur Synchronizer successfully deleted the password objects that were marked for deletion in the PVWA, as the message is not related to the Vault Conjur Synchronizer or the password objects. The Vault Conjur Synchronizer is a service that synchronizes secrets from the CyberArk Vault to the Conjur database. The password objects are the accounts in the CyberArk Vault that store the credentials for various platforms and devices. The message is related to the audit retention process, which deletes the old audit records from the audit database. The message does not indicate any problem or action with the Vault Conjur Synchronizer or the password objects.