ISA-IEC-62443 Exam Dumps - ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist

Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) and Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) are both commonly used protocols for managing secure data transmission on the Internet. DTLS is a variant of SSL that is designed to work over datagram protocols such as UDP, which are used for real-time applications such as voice and video. SSL is a protocol that provides encryption, authentication, and integrity for data transmitted over TCP, which is used for reliable and ordered delivery of data. Both DTLS and SSL use certificates and asymmetric cryptography to establish a secure session between the communicating parties, and then use symmetric cryptography to encrypt the data exchanged. DTLS and SSL are widely used in web browsers, email clients, VPNs, and other applications that require secure communication over the Internet. References:

ISA/IEC 62443 Standards to Secure Your Industrial Control System, Module 3: Introduction to Cryptography, pages 3-5 to 3-7

Using the ISA/IEC 62443 Standards to Secure Your Control System, Chapter 6: Securing Communications, pages 125-126

ISA/IEC 62443-6-1 defines a security evaluation methodology specifically intended for use with 62443-2-4 (Service Providers) and 62443-4-1 (Secure Development Lifecycle). It provides assessment techniques and scoring models for verifying conformance.

“This part specifies requirements and provides guidance for the assessment of conformity to selected parts of the ISA/IEC 62443 series. It supports evaluation of suppliers per 62443-2-4 and 62443-4-1.”

— ISA/IEC 62443-6-1:2020, Clause 1 – Scope

It is not focused on patching, technologies, or security phases, but rather on evaluating and validating conformance to the standards.

Authorization security policy is the primary factor that determines access privileges for user accounts. Authorization security policy is the function of specifying access rights or privileges to resources, which is related to general information security and computer security, and to access control in particular1. Authorization security policy defines who can access what resources, under what conditions, and for what purposes. Authorization security policy should be aligned with the business objectives and security requirements of the organization, and should be enforced by appropriate mechanisms and controls. Authorization security policy should also be reviewed and updated regularly to reflect changes in the environment, threats, and risks2. Authorization security policy is an essential part of the ISA/IEC 62443 standard, which provides a framework for securing industrial automation and control systems (IACS). The standard defines four security levels (SL) that represent the degree of protection against threats, and specifies the security capabilities that should be implemented for each SL. The standard also provides guidance on how to conduct a security risk assessment, how to define security zones and conduits, and how to apply security policies and procedures to the IACS environment34 . References: https://bing.com/search?q=authorization+security+policy

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/security/authorization/policies?view=aspnetcore-7.0

 A recommended default rule for IACS firewalls is to block all traffic by default, and then allow only the necessary and authorized traffic based on the security policy and the zone and conduit model. This is also known as the principle of least privilege, which means granting the minimum access required for a legitimate purpose. Blocking all traffic by default provides a higher level of security and reduces the attack surface of the IACS network. The other choices are not recommended default rules for IACS firewalls, as they may expose the IACS network to unnecessary risks. Allowing all traffic by default would defeat the purpose of a firewall, as it would not filter any malicious or unwanted traffic. Allowing IACS devices to access the Internet would expose them to potential cyber threats, such as malware, phishing, or denial-of-service attacks. Allowing traffic directly from the IACS network to the enterprise network would bypass the demilitarized zone (DMZ), which is a buffer zone that isolates the IACS network from the enterprise network and hosts services that need to communicate between them. References:

ISA/IEC 62443 Standards to Secure Your Industrial Control System training course1

ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist Study Guide2

Using the ISA/IEC 62443 Standard to Secure Your Control Systems3

According to the ISA/IEC 62443-3-2 standard, implementing countermeasures is one of the steps in the security risk assessment for system design. The standard defines a comprehensive set of engineering measures to guide organizations through the process of assessing the risk of a particular industrial automation and control system (IACS) and identifying and applying security countermeasures to reduce that risk to tolerable levels. The standard recommends the following steps for implementing countermeasures:

Establish the risk tolerance: This step involves determining the acceptable level of risk for the organization and the system under consideration, based on the business objectives, legal and regulatory requirements, and stakeholder expectations. The risk tolerance can be expressed as a target security level (SL-T) for each zone or conduit in the system.

Select common countermeasures: This step involves selecting the appropriate security countermeasures for each zone or conduit, based on the SL-T and the existing security level (SL-A) of the system. The standard provides a list of common countermeasures for each security level, covering the domains of physical security, network security, system security, and application security. The selected countermeasures should be documented and justified in the security risk assessment report. References: ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Series Designated as IEC Horizontal Standards, Cybersecurity Risk Assessment According to ISA/IEC 62443-3-2

ISA/IEC 62443-3-2 introduces the concept of the System under Consideration (SuC) as the scope boundary for risk assessment.

Step 1: Purpose of the SuC

The SuC defines exactly what is being analyzed for cybersecurity risk.

Step 2: Inclusive scope

It includes a defined collection of IACS components, systems, zones, conduits, and supporting assets that contribute to the system’s function.

Step 3: Why definition matters

A clearly defined SuC ensures accurate threat modeling, impact analysis, and Security Level determination.

Step 4: Why other options are incorrect

Limiting the SuC to business assets or physical devices ignores logical, networked, and functional dependencies.

Therefore, the correct answer is a defined collection of IACS and related assets.

ISA/IEC 62443-2-1 defines SP Element 1 – Organizational Security Measures as the set of governance, policy, and people-focused controls that establish the foundation of an IACS Security Program. These measures are organizational in nature and are intended to create accountability, awareness, and structured risk management.

Step 1: Scope of SP Element 1

SP Element 1 includes activities such as:

Security policy definition

Roles and responsibilities

Personnel security (e.g., background checks)

Security awareness and training

Supply chain security governance

These controls ensure that people, processes, and third-party relationships support cybersecurity objectives.

Step 2: Why malware protection does not belong here

Malware protection is a technical control, not an organizational measure. In ISA/IEC 62443, malware protection is addressed under SP Element 4 – Component Hardening, which focuses on endpoint protection, anti-malware mechanisms, and secure configurations.

Step 3: Why the other options are valid

Background checks are explicitly part of personnel security.

Supply chain security is a key organizational concern.

Security awareness training ensures staff understand their responsibilities.

Therefore, Malware protection is not listed under SP Element 1.

According to the ISA/IEC 62443-3-2 standard, a security zone is a grouping of systems and components based on their functional, logical, and physical relationship that share common security requirements. The primary objective of defining a security zone is to apply a consistent level of protection to the assets within the zone, based on their criticality and risk assessment. A security zone may contain assets from different vendors, different levels in the Purdue model, or different physical locations, as long as they have the same security requirements. A security zone may also be subdivided into subzones, if there are different security requirements within the zone. A conduit is a logical or physical grouping of communication channels connecting two or more zones that share common security requirements.