FC0-U61 Exam Dumps - CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ Certification Exam

 Online gaming activity is the most likely reason for the increase in network traffic because it consumes a lot of bandwidth and data. Online games often require constant communication with servers and other players, which can generate a lot of network traffic. Unnecessary OEM software, lack of antivirus, and firewalls are not configured are less likely to cause such a significant increase in network traffic, as they are either one-time or periodic processes that do not require as much data transfer as online gaming. References:

• CompTIA IT Fundamentals FC0-U61 Certification Study Guide, page 101, section 2.4: “Online gaming can consume a lot of bandwidth and data.”
• CompTIA ITF+ Practice Test, question 221: “Online gaming activity is the correct answer.”

A string is the data type that a developer should use when creating a variable to hold a postal code. A string is a sequence of characters that can represent text, symbols, or numbers. A string can store any value that can be typed on a keyboard, such as “Hello”, “123”, or “90210”. A string is enclosed by quotation marks to distinguish it from other types of data. A postal code is an example of a value that can be stored as a string. References : The Official CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Study Guide (FC0-U61), page 139.

 Fault tolerance is the ability of a system to continue functioning even when one or more components fail. RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) is a technology that uses multiple hard drives to store data in a way that improves performance and reliability. If one hard drive in the RAID array fails, the data can be recovered from another drive without losing any information. This is an example of fault tolerance.

References: CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ Study Guide: Exam FC0-U61, Second Edition, Chapter 6: Infrastructure Concepts, page 240.

 An optical drive is a component that can accomplish the task of viewing company training videos from a DVD. An optical drive is a device that can read and write data from optical discs, such as CDs, DVDs, or Blu-ray discs. An optical drive uses a laser beam to access the data stored on the disc. An optical drive can play video or audio files from optical discs, as well as install software or store data.

A hard disk drive (HDD) is a component that can store large amounts of data on magnetic platters, but it cannot read or write data from optical discs. A solid state drive (SSD) is a component that can store data on flash memory chips, but it cannot read or write data from optical discs. A flash drive is a component that can store data on flash memory chips and connect to a USB port, but it cannot read or write data from optical discs.

A trademark is a type of intellectual property that protects a word, phrase, symbol, or design that identifies and distinguishes the source of goods or services of one party from those of others. A slogan of a business is an example of a trademark that can be legally protected from unauthorized use by other parties. A trademark can be registered with the appropriate authority to obtain exclusive rights and benefits. References : The Official CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Study Guide (FC0-U61), page 211.

The broadcast signal from a wireless access point can be affected by various factors, such as distance, obstacles, interference, and configuration. One of the possible causes of weak signal strength is electromagnetic interference (EMI), which is the disruption of wireless communication by devices or objects that emit electromagnetic waves, such as microwaves, cordless phones, power lines, or fluorescent lights. To improve the signal strength, the user should ensure that sources of EMI are removed or relocated away from the wireless access point and the wireless devices78. References := CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Study Guide, 2nd Edition, Chapter 4: Networking Concepts4; How to Improve Your Wireless Network Performance - HP® Tech Takes9

 UNIX and Linux are the examples of operating systems that do not require extensions on files to execute a program. UNIX and Linux are operating systems that are based on the same kernel and share many features and commands. UNIX and Linux do not rely on file extensions to determine the file type or function. Instead, they use file permissions and attributes to indicate whether a file is executable or not. File extensions are optional and mainly used for human readability or compatibility with other systems. References : The Official CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Study Guide (FC0-U61), page 86.

 A kilobyte is a unit of digital information that equals 1,024 bytes. A byte is the smallest unit of data that can be stored or processed by a computer. A kilobyte can store a small amount of text, such as a few sentences or a paragraph. Storage devices, such as hard disks and flash drives, use kilobytes and other larger units, such as megabytes and gigabytes, to measure their capacity and performance. References: The Official CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Study Guide (FC0-U61), page 38.

A cellphone is the most ideal computing device for point-of-sale transactions in a retail store where salespeople roam around. A cellphone is portable, wireless, and has features such as cameras, scanners, and touchscreens that can facilitate payment processing and customer interaction. A workstation is a desktop computer that is designed for high-performance tasks, but it is not portable or wireless. A laptop is a portable computer that can run on battery power, but it is not as convenient or compact as a cellphone. A thin client is a computer that relies on a server for most of its processing and storage, but it is not suitable for point-of-sale transactions without network connectivity. References: The Official CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Student Guide (Exam FC0-U61), Chapter 1: IT Fundamentals1

Product key licensing is an example of utilizing a personalized code for continuous personal access to a software product. A product key is a unique alphanumeric code that is required to activate or register a software product, such as an operating system or an application. A product key ensures that the user has a legitimate copy of the software and prevents unauthorized use or distribution. Site licensing is a type of licensing that allows an organization to install and use a software product on multiple devices within a specific location, such as a school or a company. Open-source licensing is a type of licensing that allows anyone to access, modify, and distribute the source code of a software product, such as Linux or Apache. Single-use licensing is a type of licensing that allows only one installation and use of a software product, such as a game or an antivirus program. References: CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Study Guide: Exam FC0-U61, Second Edition, Chapter 5: Database Fundamentals and Security Concepts, page 175

RAM stands for Random Access Memory, which is where the changes are located before they are saved to permanent storage when editing a document. RAM is a type of volatile memory that stores data temporarily while the computer is running. RAM allows fast access and modification of data by the CPU, but it loses its contents when the power is turned off. SSD stands for Solid State Drive, which is a type of permanent storage that stores data persistently even when the power is turned off. SSD uses flash memory chips to store data, which offer faster performance and lower power consumption than traditional hard disk drives (HDDs). CPU stands for Central Processing Unit, which is the main component of a computer that executes instructions and performs calculations. CPU does not store data, but it uses registers and cache memory to hold data temporarily during processing. GPU stands for Graphics Processing Unit, which is a specialized component of a computer that handles graphics and image processing. GPU does not store data, but it uses dedicated memory to hold graphics data temporarily during rendering. References: The Official CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Student Guide (Exam FC0-U61), Chapter 1: IT Fundamentals

 The CREATE statement is used to add a new table to a database. The syntax of the CREATE statement is:

CREATE TABLE table_name ( column1 datatype, column2 datatype, column3 datatype, … );

References: CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ Study Guide: Exam FC0-U61, Second Edition, Chapter 5: Database Fundamentals, page 194.

Database software would be the best application to create a list that contains names, contact information, and sales records that can be edited by multiple people at the same time. Database software is an application that allows users to create, store, access, manipulate, and analyze data in an organized and structured way. Database software can store various types of data in tables, records, fields, or other structures. Database software can also support queries, reports, transactions, security, backup, and recovery functions. Database software can allow multiple users to edit the same data concurrently with proper permissions and controls. References : The Official CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Study Guide (FC0-U61), page 142.

 A method is a programming concept that represents a function or a procedure that performs a specific task or action on an object. An object is a programming concept that represents an instance of a class or a data type that has properties and methods. A method would best describe the ability to jump for a boss object in game development because it is an action that the boss object can perform. Property, object, and attribute are not programming concepts that represent the ability to jump for a boss object in game development. Property is a programming concept that represents a characteristic or a feature of an object, such as color, size, or name. Object is a programming concept that represents an instance of a class or a data type that has properties and methods. Attribute is another term for property in some programming languages. References: CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ Study Guide: Exam FC0-U61, Second Edition, Chapter 4: Programming Concepts and Data Structures, page 143.

Single-factor authentication is a method of verifying a user’s identity by using only one piece of information, such as a username and password. Biometrics, multifactor authentication, and least privilege are not examples of single-factor authentication. References: CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ Study Guide: Exam FC0-U61, Second Edition, Chapter 8: Security Concepts, page 304.

Assembly languages are the closest to machine language among the given options. Machine language is the lowest-level programming language that consists of binary codes (0s and 1s) that can be directly understood by the processor. Machine language is specific to each type of processor and hardware platform. Assembly languages are low-level programming languages that use mnemonic codes (abbreviations or symbols) to represent machine language instructions. Assembly languages are easier to read and write than machine language, but they still require an assembler program to convert them into machine language. References : The Official CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Study Guide (FC0-U61), page 132-133.

The scenario where an online retailer experienced an outage because the server received more requests than it could handle and customers could not log in as a result is best described as a denial of service. A denial of service is a type of attack that aims to disrupt or prevent the normal functioning or availability of a system or network by overwhelming it with excessive traffic or requests. A denial of service can cause performance degradation, slowdown, or outage for the system or network and its legitimate users. A denial of service can be performed by a single attacker or a group of attackers using multiple compromised devices, which is called a distributed denial of service (DDoS). A hardware failure is not the scenario that describes the online retailer’s outage, but rather a possible cause or consequence of the outage. A hardware failure is a malfunction or breakdown of a physical component of a system or network, such as a disk, a memory, a CPU, a power supply, etc. A hardware failure can cause data loss, corruption, or interruption for the system or network and its users. A hardware failure can be caused by various factors, such as wear and tear, physical damage, overheating, power surge, etc. A hardware failure can also be induced by a denial of service attack that damages the hardware by overloading it. An on-path attack is not the scenario that describes the online retailer’s outage, but rather a type of network attack that involves intercepting or modifying data packets that are transmitted between two parties on a network. An on-path attack can compromise the confidentiality, integrity, or authenticity of the data or communication between the parties. An on-path attack can be performed by an attacker who has access to the same network segment or device as one of the parties, such as a router, a switch, or a hub. An on-path attack can also be performed by an attacker who tricks one of the parties into sending data to them instead of the intended destination, which is called a man-in-the-middle attack. A social engineering attack is not the scenario that describes the online retailer’s outage, but rather a type of attack that exploits human psychology and behavior to manipulate people into performing actions or revealing information that benefits the attacker. A social engineering attack can take various forms, such as phishing, vishing, baiting, quid pro quo, pretexting, or tailgating. References: The Official CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Student Guide (Exam FC0-U61), Chapter 7: Security Concepts

A GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) is a specialized electronic circuit designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creation of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a display device. One of the primary roles of the GPU in gaming is to enhance in-game physics, which refers to the laws and rules that govern the behavior and interaction of objects within a game. GPUs are designed to handle complex calculations quickly and efficiently, making them ideal for handling the physics calculations required in modern video games. By offloading these calculations to the GPU, game developers can create more realistic and immersive games without overloading the CPU (Central Processing Unit). References: CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Certification Guide, page 23; What is the GPU’s role in enhancing in-game physics and simulations?

A concurrent license is a type of software license that allows a software program to be installed on as many computers as the company wants, but only a limited number of users can use the software at the same time. A concurrent license is based on the number of simultaneous users rather than the number of installations. A concurrent license can help a company save money and resources by sharing the software among multiple users who do not need to use the software all the time. References : The Official CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Study Guide (FC0-U61), page 211.

 A constraint is a rule or a restriction that is applied to a column or a table in a relational database to ensure that only valid values are entered. Constraints help to maintain the integrity, accuracy, and consistency of the data. For example, a constraint can be used to specify that a column must not contain null values, or that a column must contain unique values, or that a column must match a value in another table12. References := CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Study Guide, 2nd Edition, Chapter 5: Database Fundamentals3; Constraints in Relational Database Model - Online Tutorials Library

 DROP is the command that is used to completely remove a table and its data from a relational database. DROP is a SQL (Structured Query Language) statement that deletes the definition and contents of a database object, such as a table, index, or view. DROP cannot be undone, so it should be used with caution. For example, the statement DROP TABLE Customers; will delete the table named Customers and all its data from the database. References : The Official CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Study Guide (FC0-U61), page 144.

 The output of the Breakfast program if it ran on Sunday would be pancakes. The program uses an if-else-if-else statement to choose among different breakfast options based on the day of the week input. The program first checks if the day input is equal to “Saturday”. If this condition is true, it prints “Waffles” and ends. If this condition is false, it checks if the day input is equal to “Sunday”. If this condition is true, it prints “Pancakes” and ends. If this condition is false, it prints “Oatmeal” and ends. Since the day input is “Sunday”, the second condition is true, and the program prints “Pancakes”.

 To add a column to an existing table, the database administrator should use the ALTER TABLE statement with the ADD COLUMN clause. This statement allows modifying the structure of a table by adding, deleting, or changing columns and constraints. The CREATE statement is used to create a new table, not to modify an existing one. The UPDATE statement is used to modify the data in a table, not the structure. The DROP statement is used to delete a table or a column, not to add a new column. References:

• CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Certification Guide, page 307
• SQL ADD COLUMN - Add One or More Columns To a Table

Redundant power is the best example of fault tolerance among the given business continuity concepts. Fault tolerance refers to the ability of a system to continue functioning despite failures or errors in some of its components. Redundant power provides backup sources of electricity in case of power outages or surges, ensuring uninterrupted operation of critical systems. Data restoration refers to the process of recovering lost or corrupted data from backups or other sources. Disaster recovery refers to the plan and procedures for restoring normal business operations after a major disruption, such as a natural disaster or a cyberattack. Restoring access refers to the process of granting users the ability to use systems or resources that were previously unavailable or inaccessible. References: The Official CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Student Guide (Exam FC0-U61), Chapter 7: Security Concepts1

A markup language is a type of language that uses tags or symbols to define the structure and appearance of web content. HTML is the most common markup language used for creating web pages. HTML tags can specify how the text, images, links, and other elements are displayed by the web browser. Other markup languages include XML, which stores structured data using customizable tags, and Markdown, which simplifies the formatting of text documents. References: HTML: HyperText Markup Language | MDN, Markup Language Definition - What is a markup language? - TechTerms.com

A mouse and a display would be required to satisfy the request of installing a laptop with the cover closed. A mouse is an input device that allows users to move a cursor and click on icons or buttons on the screen. A display is an output device that shows visual information on the screen. A mouse and a display would enable the user to interact with the laptop without opening the cover. A printer, a webcam, an external hard drive, and speakers are not devices that would be required to satisfy the request of installing a laptop with the cover closed. References: CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ Study Guide: Exam FC0-U61, Second Edition, Chapter 3: Computing Components, page 106.

 A workstation would be the best device for a game developer to buy if the game engine software requires high-end specifications and upgradability. A workstation is a computing device that is designed for professional or specialized applications that require high performance, reliability, and scalability. A workstation typically has more powerful components than a standard desktop computer, such as faster processors, larger memory, better graphics cards, and more storage options. A workstation can also be customized and upgraded to meet specific needs or preferences. References : The Official CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Study Guide (FC0-U61), page 26.

A float is a data type that can store decimal numbers, such as 3.14 or 0.01. This is suitable for calculating a bank account balance within two decimal places, as it can represent fractions of a dollar. A boolean is a data type that can only store true or false values, which is not useful for numerical calculations. An integer is a data type that can store whole numbers, such as 1 or 100, but not decimals. A char is a data type that can store a single character, such as ‘a’ or ‘9’, but not multiple characters or decimals. References: CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Study Guide: Exam FC0-U61, Second Edition, Chapter 4: Software Development Concepts, page 1371

Data and information are related but distinct concepts in IT. Data refers to the raw, unorganized, and uninterpreted facts, figures, or events that can be collected, stored, or transmitted by various means. Information refers to the meaningful, organized, and interpreted output that is derived from data by applying some form of analysis, processing, or logic. Data can be processed to create information, but information cannot exist without data. The other options are incorrect because they either confuse the roles of data and information, or imply that information can be independent of data. References:

• CompTIA IT Fundamentals FC0-U61 Certification Study Guide, page 18, section 1.1: “Data is the raw, unorganized, and uninterpreted facts, figures, or events that can be collected, stored, or transmitted by various means. Information is the meaningful, organized, and interpreted output that is derived from data by applying some form of analysis, processing, or logic.”
• CompTIA ITF+ Practice Test, question 239: “Data can be facts, figures, or events that can be processed to create information is the correct answer.”

 An algorithm is a set of specific step-by-step instructions/procedures and conditional statements that will be used by a computer program to solve problems. An algorithm defines the logic and sequence of actions that a computer program must follow to perform a task or achieve a goal. An algorithm can be expressed in various ways, such as pseudocode, flowchart, or natural language. References : The Official CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Study Guide (FC0-U61), page 131.

A trademark is the best option for a company to protect its logo. A trademark is a name, symbol, logo, or slogan that identifies a product or service and distinguishes it from others in the market. A trademark grants the owner the exclusive right to use the mark and to prevent others from using confusingly similar marks. A trademark can be registered with the appropriate authority to obtain legal protection and enforcement. A trademark can last indefinitely as long as it is used and renewed periodically. A trademark can also be indicated by the symbols ™ or ®. A copyright is not suitable for protecting a logo, as it only protects original works of authorship, such as books, music, movies, or software. A domain name is not suitable for protecting a logo, as it only identifies a website or an email address on the internet. A domain name can be registered with a domain name registrar to obtain exclusive use of the name for a certain period of time. A domain name can also be trademarked if it meets the criteria for trademark protection. A patent is not suitable for protecting a logo, as it only protects inventions or processes that are new, useful, and non-obvious. References: The Official CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Student Guide (Exam FC0-U61), Chapter 8: Software Development Concepts

A sequence is an element that will automatically store customer orders consecutively by order number every time a new order is placed. A sequence is a database object that generates sequential numbers according to a specified rule. A sequence can be used to create unique identifiers for records in a table, such as order numbers or customer IDs. A vector is an element that can store multiple values of the same data type in an ordered sequence, but it does not automatically generate sequential numbers. A vector is a data structure that can be used in programming languages such as C++ or Java. An array is an element that can store multiple values of the same data type in an indexed sequence, but it does not automatically generate sequential numbers. An array is a data structure that can be used in programming languages such as C or Python. A constant is an element that can store a single value of any data type that does not change during the execution of a program, but it does not automatically generate sequential numbers. A constant is a variable that can be used in programming languages such as C# or JavaScript. References: The Official CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Student Guide (Exam FC0-U61), Chapter 6: Database Fundamentals, Chapter 8: Software Development Concepts

 A file extension is a suffix that indicates the type, format, or content of a file. Different file extensions are associated with different applications, programs, or functions. For example, .bat is a file extension for a batch file, which is a script that contains a series of commands to be executed by the command-line interpreter. .avi is a file extension for an audio video interleave file, which is a multimedia container format that stores video and audio data. .rtf is a file extension for a rich text format file, which is a document format that supports text formatting, such as fonts, colors, and styles.

A consolidated group of files is a collection of files that are compressed or archived into a single file, usually to reduce the file size, save disk space, or facilitate file transfer. A consolidated group of files can be created or extracted by using a compression or archiving software, such as WinRAR, 7-Zip, or WinZip. One of the most common file extensions for a consolidated group of files is .rar, which stands for Roshal Archive. .rar is a proprietary file format that supports data compression, error recovery, encryption, and splitting. For example, in the following image1, a folder named Documents contains four files: resume.docx, report.pdf, budget.xlsx, and presentation.pptx. The folder is compressed into a single file named Documents.rar, which has a smaller file size and can be easily attached to an email or uploaded to a cloud storage.

Therefore, the correct answer is C. .rar, as it is the file extension that is used for a consolidated group of files.

References:

• CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+) Certification Exam Objectives, page 15, section 3.5
• CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+) Study Guide, page 191, section 7.4
• CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ (ITF+) All-in-One Exam Guide, Second Edition, page 287, chapter 8
• Using File Systems | CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ (FC0-U61) | Part 25 of 38

A website that is not secure means that the connection between the user’s browser and the web server is not encrypted or authenticated. This can expose the user’s data to interception, modification, or impersonation by attackers. One way to secure a website is to use HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure), which is a protocol that encrypts and verifies the data exchanged between the browser and the server. HTTPS relies on certificates, which are digital documents that contain information about the identity and public key of the website owner. Certificates are issued by trusted authorities called certificate authorities (CAs), which verify the legitimacy of the website owner before issuing a certificate. When a user browses to a website that uses HTTPS, the browser checks the certificate to ensure that it is valid, signed by a CA, and matches the website’s domain name. If any of these checks fail, the browser will display a warning message that the site is not secure, and advise the user not to proceed or enter any sensitive information.

A system usage agreement is a document that defines the rules and expectations for using a company’s IT resources, such as computers, networks, intranets, software, and data. A system usage agreement typically covers topics such as acceptable use, security, privacy, monitoring, ownership, and consequences of violations. A system usage agreement helps to protect the company’s assets, reputation, and legal compliance, as well as the users’ rights and responsibilities. Privacy expectations on a company intranet should be limited to what is stated in the system usage agreement, as the company has the right and the duty to monitor and control the intranet for business purposes. Users should not assume that their activities on the intranet are private or confidential, unless the system usage agreement explicitly guarantees such privacy. The other options, such as precedents, HR policy, and word of mouth, are not reliable or consistent sources of privacy expectations, as they may vary, change, or conflict with the system usage agreement or the law. References: CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Certification Guide, page 100; 10 Intranet Best Practices for a Successful Intranet in 2021, point 7.

 A corrupted cache is the most likely cause of the problem of seeing outdated information on a website. A cache is a temporary storage area that stores copies of frequently accessed data, such as web pages, images, or files. A cache can improve the performance and speed of data retrieval by reducing the need to access the original source. However, sometimes a cache may become corrupted or outdated, which may cause errors or inconsistencies in displaying the data. A corrupted cache may show old or incorrect information on a website instead of the current or updated information. To fix this problem, the user can clear the browser cache and reload the website. References : The Official CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Study Guide (FC0-U61), page 202.

Float is a data type that can store decimal or fractional numbers, such as 3.14, 0.5, or -2.75. Float would be the best data type to use for storing monetary values because monetary values often involve decimals, such as $1.99, 0.25,or-5.50. Integer is a data type that can only store whole numbers, such as 1, 0, or -2. Integer would not be suitable for storing monetary values that have decimals. The other options are not data types that can store numerical values. References: CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ Study Guide: Exam FC0-U61, Second Edition, Chapter 4: Programming Concepts and Data Structures, page 146.

Password history is a policy that prevents users from reusing their previous passwords. This can mitigate password reuse by forcing users to create new and unique passwords every time they change their password. Password reuse is a security risk because it makes it easier for attackers to guess or crack passwords that are used across multiple accounts or systems. Password history can be combined with other password policies, such as password length, complexity, and expiration, to enhance password security. References:

• Chapter 32 Explain Password Best Practices - CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ FC0-U61 Cert Guide
• Cybersecurity and End User Passwords | Cybersecurity | CompTIA
• Managing Password Policies – CompTIA Security+ SY0-401: 5.3
• CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ Certification Exam Test Questions With Answers …

DROP is a SQL command that can be used to remove a database permanently from a database management system. DENY is a SQL command that can be used to revoke permissions from a user or role. ALTER is a SQL command that can be used to modify the structure of a database object, such as a table or column. DUMP is not a valid SQL command, but it may refer to a backup operation that creates a copy of a database. References: The Official CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Student Guide (Exam FC0-U61), Chapter 6: Database Fundamentals1

SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, which is used to relay email from a user’s mail server to another mail server or from a mail client to a user’s mail server. IMAP stands for Internet Message Access Protocol, which is used to access and manage email messages on a mail server. FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol, which is used to transfer files between computers over a network. POP3 stands for Post Office Protocol version 3, which is used to download email messages from a mail server to a mail client. References: The Official CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Student Guide (Exam FC0-U61), Chapter 5: Infrastructure Concepts1

The INSERT command is used to add new records or rows to an existing database table. It specifies the table name, the column names, and the values to be inserted. For example, INSERT INTO Customers (Name, Age, City) VALUES ('Ali', 25, 'Lahore'); would add a new row to the Customers table with the given values for Name, Age, and City. The SELECT command is used to query or retrieve data from a database table, not to add data. The ALTER command is used to modify the structure or definition of a database table, such as adding, deleting, or renaming columns. The CREATE command is used to make a new database object, such as a table, a view, or an index, not to add data to an existing table. References: Interfacing with Databases | CompTIA IT Fundamentals FC0-U61 | 5.3, Get the Building Blocks of IT With the New CompTIA IT Fundamentals+

DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Line, which is a type of broadband internet service that uses copper telephone cabling. A network technician installing an RJ11 connector, which is the standard connector for telephone lines, is most likely using DSL as the network connection type. Fiber, satellite, and cable are other types of internet service, but they use different connectors and cables than RJ11. References: CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ (Exam FC0-U61) Module 4 / Unit 2 / Connecting to a Network, page 6; CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Certification Study Guide, Chapter 2: Network Devices and Cabling, page 55.QUESTION NO: 230

When working with storage. 1,000,000MB can also be notated as:

A. 0.01PB.

B. 1TB.

C. 100GB.

D. 10,000,000KB.

Answer: B

 When working with storage, different units of measurement are used to express the amount of data. The most common units are bytes (B), kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), terabytes (TB), and petabytes (PB). Each unit is equal to 1,000 of the previous unit, except for bytes, which are the smallest unit. Therefore, 1,000,000MB can also be notated as 1,000GB or 1TB. The other options are incorrect because they are either too large or too small to represent 1,000,000MB. For example, 0.01PB is equal to 10,000GB or 10TB, which is much larger than 1,000,000MB. Similarly, 100GB is equal to 100,000MB or 0.1TB, which is much smaller than 1,000,000MB. And 10,000,000KB is equal to 10,000MB or 0.01TB, which is also much smaller than 1,000,000MB. References:

• CompTIA IT Fundamentals FC0-U61 Certification Study Guide, page 71, section 1.6: “A terabyte (TB) is 1,000 gigabytes.”
• CompTIA ITF+ Practice Test, question 230: “1TB is the correct answer.”

NFC (Near Field Communication) is a wireless technology that allows devices to communicate and exchange data within a short range, typically a few centimeters. NFC is commonly used for tap to pay transactions, where a customer can use a contactless card or a smart device (such as a smartphone or a smartwatch) to make payments by tapping or hovering over a compatible terminal. NFC is different from other wireless technologies, such as Wi-Fi, IR (Infrared), and Bluetooth, because it does not require pairing, authentication, or network access to work. NFC is also faster, more secure, and more convenient than other payment methods, such as inserting or swiping a card. References: CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Certification Guide, page 25; What is Tap to Pay and How Does It Work?

Documenting lessons learned is the last step of the troubleshooting methodology, which is a systematic approach to solving problems. Documenting lessons learned involves recording the problem, the solution, and the process that was followed to resolve the problem. This can help prevent future occurrences of the same or similar problems, improve the troubleshooting skills of the technician, and provide a reference for other technicians who may encounter the same or similar problems. Documenting lessons learned would be the next troubleshooting step the technician should do after verifying full system functionality. Determining if anything has changed, establishing a theory of probable cause, and duplicating the problem are not steps that follow verifying full system functionality in the troubleshooting methodology. References: CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ Study Guide: Exam FC0-U61, Second Edition, Chapter 9: Troubleshooting and Operational Procedures, page 341.

The device configuration type that most likely occurred when the user inserted a USB flash drive into a computer for the first time and saw a message indicating the device is being set up and ready for use is plug-and-play. Plug-and-play is a feature that allows a device to be automatically recognized and configured by the operating system when it is connected to a computer using an interface such as USB or Bluetooth. Plug-and-play simplifies the installation and use of devices by eliminating the need for manual settings or drivers. Driver installation is not the device configuration type that most likely occurred when the user inserted a USB flash drive into a computer for the first time and saw a message indicating the device is being set up and ready for use, but rather part of plug-and-play process. Driver installation involves loading software that enables communication between device and operating system. Driver installation may happen automatically or manually depending on device compatibility with operating system. IP-based configuration is not device configuration type that most likely occurred when user inserted USB flash drive into computer for first time and saw message indicating device is being set up and ready for use, but rather device configuration type that involves assigning IP address to device to enable network communication. IP-based configuration may happen automatically using DHCP protocol

 A postal code is a string of alphanumeric characters that identifies a specific location. A string data type is used to store text or character data, such as names, addresses, or postal codes. A float data type is used to store decimal numbers, such as prices or weights. A boolean data type is used to store logical values, such as true or false. An integer data type is used to store whole numbers, such as counts or quantities. References: The Official CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Student Guide (Exam FC0-U61), Chapter 6: Database Fundamentals1

 An array is a type of data structure that stores multiple values of the same data type in a fixed-size sequence. An array would be the best option for a developer to use when storing the months of a year and when performance is a key consideration because an array allows fast access to any element by using its index number. A vector, a list, and a string are not types of data structures that offer fast access to elements or store multiple values of the same data type in a fixed-size sequence. References: CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ Study Guide: Exam FC0-U61, Second Edition, Chapter 4: Programming Concepts and Data Structures, page 147.

Password reuse is the practice of using the same password for multiple accounts or services. Password reuse would increase the risk of account security on other sites if a large payment website was breached recently. If the attackers obtained the user’s password from the breached website, they could try to use it to access the user’s accounts on other sites. Password reuse should be avoided and different passwords should be used for different accounts or services. Password history, password expiration, and password age are not password best practices that would mitigate this risk. Password history is the record of previous passwords that a user has used for an account or service. Password expiration is the time limit for using a password before it needs to be changed. Password age is the length of time that a password has been in use. References: CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ Study Guide: Exam FC0-U61, Second Edition, Chapter 8: Security Concepts, page 308.

SQL (Structured Query Language) databases use primary and foreign keys to enable relationships between tables. A SQL database is a type of relational database that organizes data into tables that are related to each other by common fields or attributes. A primary key is a field or attribute that uniquely identifies each record in a table. A foreign key is a field or attribute that refers to the primary key of another table. Primary and foreign keys enable relationships between tables by establishing links or associations between records that share common values. Rows, fields, and schemas are not concepts that are enabled by primary and foreign keys in SQL databases. A row is a horizontal arrangement of fields or attributes that store information about a specific record or entity in a table. A field is a vertical arrangement of fields or attributes that store the same type of information for different records in a table. A schema is a structure or design that defines how data is organized and stored in a database. References: CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ Study Guide: Exam FC0-U61, Second Edition, Chapter 5: Database Fundamentals, page 194.

HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol over SSL/TLS, which is a secure version of the HTTP protocol that is used to transfer web pages and other data over the internet. HTTPS encrypts the communication between the web browser and the web server using SSL or TLS, which are cryptographic protocols that provide confidentiality, integrity, and authentication. HTTPS prevents eavesdropping, tampering, and spoofing of the web traffic, and protects sensitive information such as passwords, credit card numbers, and personal details. HTTPS is indicated by a padlock icon or a green address bar in the web browser, and the URL starts with https:// instead of http://.

The other options are not secure protocols or formats. .edu and .org are top-level domains that indicate the type of organization that owns the website, but they do not guarantee any security. FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol, which is a standard protocol for transferring files between computers, but it does not encrypt the data or the credentials, making it vulnerable to interception and modification. FAT32 is a file system format that is used to organize and store data on disks, but it does not provide any encryption or access control, making it easy to read and modify the data by anyone who has physical access to the disk. References: Secure Protocols – CompTIA Security+ SY0-501 – 2.6, CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Certification Exam Objectives, CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ (Exam FC0-U61) Module 3 / Unit 2 / Using Device Interfaces

 A WLAN card would be the best choice for a user who wants to use a laptop outside the house and still remain connected to the Internet. A WLAN card stands for wireless local area network card, which is a device that allows a laptop to connect to a wireless network using radio waves. A WLAN card can enable a laptop to access the Internet through public or private wireless hotspots, such as cafes, libraries, airports, or homes. References : The Official CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Study Guide (FC0-U61), page 170.

Assembly language is a low-level programming language that uses mnemonics or symbolic names to represent machine code instructions. Machine code is the binary code that is directly executed by the processor. Assembly language is the closest to machine code among the options given because it has a one-to-one correspondence with machine code instructions. Query language, scripting language, and markup language are not programming languages that are close to machine code because they use higher-level syntax or commands that need to be translated or interpreted by other programs before execution. References: CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ Study Guide: Exam FC0-U61, Second Edition, Chapter 4: Programming Concepts and Data Structures, page 139.

The most important factor to determine before allowing employees to access the server remotely is a security method of allowing connections. This means that the company needs to implement a way of verifying the identity and authorization of the employees who want to connect to the server from outside the company network or the internet. A security method of allowing connections can include using passwords, tokens, certificates, VPNs, firewalls, or encryption. A security method of allowing connections can prevent unauthorized access, data breaches, malware infections, or other cyberattacks on the server1415. References := CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Study Guide, 2nd Edition, Chapter 6: Security3; Remote Access Security Best Practices - Cisco Meraki

 1.22Gbps would be the fastest transfer rate when transferring a file across the network among the given options. A transfer rate is a measure of how much data can be transmitted or received over a network in a given time. A transfer rate is usually expressed in bits per second (bps) or its multiples, such as Kbps (kilobits per second), Mbps (megabits per second), or Gbps (gigabits per second). A higher transfer rate means faster data transmission or reception. 1.22Gbps is equivalent to 1,220Mbps, which is higher than 110Mbps, 123Mbps, or 1001Kbps. References : The Official CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Study Guide (FC0-U61), page 164.

 A touch-screen monitor is a device that can function as both an input and output device. An input device is a device that allows users to enter data or commands into a computer or system. An output device is a device that displays or produces data or information from a computer or system. A touch-screen monitor can function as an input device by detecting the touch or gesture of the user on the screen and sending the corresponding signal to the computer or system. A touch-screen monitor can also function as an output device by showing visual information on the screen. A microphone, a speaker, and a keyboard are not devices that can function as both an input and output device. A microphone is an input device that allows users to record sound or voice into a computer or system. A speaker is an output device that plays sound or voice from a computer or system. A keyboard is an input device that allows users to type text or characters into a computer or system. References: CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ Study Guide: Exam FC0-U61, Second Edition, Chapter 3: Computing Components, page 106.

The application delivery method that is most likely being used for the kiosk is cloud-hosted. Cloud-hosted is a type of application delivery method that involves running and accessing an application from a remote server or service over the internet. Cloud-hosted applications do not require installation or storage on the local device, but only a web browser or a client software to connect to the application. Cloud-hosted applications can provide benefits such as scalability, availability, security, and automatic updates. A product advertising kiosk at a mall that is set up using a thin client without a hard drive and is running a web application managed and updated through an internet connection is most likely using a cloud-hosted application delivery method, as it does not need any local resources or maintenance for the application. Local network-hosted is not the application delivery method that is most likely being used for the kiosk, but rather a type of application delivery method that involves running and accessing an application from a server or a device within the same local area network (LAN) as the client device. Local network-hosted applications require installation or storage on the server or device that hosts the application, but not on the client device. Local network-hosted applications can provide benefits such as speed, reliability, and control. A product advertising kiosk at a mall that is set up using a thin client without a hard drive and is running a web application managed and updated through an internet connection is not likely using a local network-hosted application delivery method, as it would need to be connected to a server or device within the same LAN as the kiosk. Hybrid-installed is not the application delivery method that is most likely being used for the kiosk, but rather a type of application delivery method that involves running and accessing an application from both a local device and a remote server or service over the internet. Hybrid-installed applications require partial installation or storage on the local device, as well as a web browser or a client software to connect to the remote part of the application. Hybrid-installed applications can provide benefits such as flexibility, functionality, and performance. A product advertising kiosk at a mall that is set up using a thin client without a hard drive and is running a web application managed and updated through an internet connection is not likely using a hybrid-installed application delivery method, as it would need some local resources for the application. Locally installed is not the application delivery method that is most likely being used for the kiosk, but rather a type of application delivery method that involves running and accessing an application from the local device only. Locally installed applications require full installation or storage on the local device, but do not need any web browser or client software to connect to the internet. Locally installed applications can provide benefits such as offline access, customization, and compatibility. A product advertising kiosk at a mall that is set up using a thin client without a hard drive and is running a web application managed and updated through an internet connection is not likely using a locally installed application delivery method, as it would need a hard drive or other storage device for the application. References: The Official CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Student Guide (Exam FC0-U61), Chapter 4: Operating System Fundamentals1

 Providing structure for file and data management and providing system resources are the primary functions of an operating system. An operating system is a type of software that manages the hardware and software resources of a computer or device. Providing structure for file and data management is a function of an operating system that allows users to organize, store, access, and modify files and data on a storage device. Providing system resources is a function of an operating system that allows users to run multiple applications or processes at the same time by allocating memory, CPU, disk space, network bandwidth, etc. Providing protection against malware and viruses, providing peer-to-peer networking capability, providing user data encryption, and providing virtual desktop capability are not primary functions of an operating system. These are functions that can be performed by other types of software or hardware devices. References: CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ Study Guide: Exam FC0-U61, Second Edition, Chapter 3: Computing Components, page 127.

Processor speed is measured in hertz (Hz), which is the number of cycles per second that the processor can perform. The higher the processor speed, the faster the processor can execute instructions. Gigahertz (GHz) is equal to one billion hertz, while megahertz (MHz) is equal to one million hertz. Megabits per second (Mbps) and gigabits per second (Gbps) are units of data transfer rate, not processor speed. Therefore, 3.6GHz would indicate the fastest processor speed among the options given. References: CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ Study Guide: Exam FC0-U61, Second Edition, Chapter 3: Computing Components, page 114.

 A function is best used for enabling programs to define variables to hold different values. A function is a named block of code that performs a specific task or operation. A function can have one or more parameters, which are variables that hold the input values for the function. A function can also have a return value, which is the output value that the function produces. A function can be called or invoked by other parts of the program to execute the code inside the function. A function can help programs to avoid repeating the same code, improve readability and modularity, and reduce errors and complexity. References : The Official CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Study Guide (FC0-U61), page 133.

DML stands for Data Manipulation Language, which is a category of commands used to extract information from a database, such as SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE. These commands allow a programmer to query, modify, and delete data from tables and views in a database. DDL stands for Data Definition Language, which is a category of commands used to create and modify the structure of a database, such as CREATE, ALTER, and DROP. These commands allow a programmer to define tables, views, indexes, and other objects in a database. DDR stands for Data Recovery Language, which is not a standard category of commands in SQL (Structured Query Language), the most common language for interacting with databases. DLL stands for Dynamic Link Library, which is not related to databases at all. It is a file format that contains executable code and resources that can be used by multiple applications on Windows operating systems. References: CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Study Guide: Exam FC0-U61, Second Edition, Chapter 4: Software Development Concepts, page 142

A system usage agreement is a document that defines the rules and expectations for using a company’s IT resources, such as computers, networks, intranets, software, and data. A system usage agreement typically covers topics such as acceptable use, security, privacy, monitoring, ownership, and consequences of violations. A system usage agreement helps to protect the company’s assets, reputation, and legal compliance, as well as the users’ rights and responsibilities. Privacy expectations on a company intranet should be limited to what is stated in the system usage agreement, as the company has the right and the duty to monitor and control the intranet for business purposes. Users should not assume that their activities on the intranet are private or confidential, unless the system usage agreement explicitly guarantees such privacy. The other options, such as precedents, HR policy, and word of mouth, are not reliable or consistent sources of privacy expectations, as they may vary, change, or conflict with the system usage agreement or the law. References: CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Certification Guide, page 100; 10 Intranet Best Practices for a Successful Intranet in 2021, point 7.

The operating system is the software solution that ensures that programs running simultaneously on a workstation do not utilize the same physical memory. The operating system is the software that manages the hardware and software resources of a computer, such as the CPU, memory, disk, network, and applications. The operating system uses memory management techniques, such as virtual memory, paging, and segmentation, to allocate and deallocate physical memory to programs as needed, and to prevent memory conflicts or errors. A disk optimizer is a software solution that improves the performance of a disk drive by rearranging the files and free space on the disk to reduce fragmentation and increase access speed. A disk optimizer does not affect the physical memory usage of programs. A type 1 hypervisor is a software solution that creates and runs multiple virtual machines on a single physical machine by directly controlling the hardware resources. A type 1 hypervisor does not ensure that programs running simultaneously on a workstation do not utilize the same physical memory, but rather that virtual machines running simultaneously on a physical machine do not utilize the same hardware resources. An anti-malware is a software solution that protects a computer from malicious software, such as viruses, worms, trojans, spyware, or ransomware. An anti-malware does not ensure that programs running simultaneously on a workstation do not utilize the same physical memory, but rather that programs running on a workstation do not contain malicious code or behavior. References: The Official CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Student Guide (Exam FC0-U61), Chapter 4: Operating System Fundamentals

The pseudocode given in the question is a program that assigns different values to the variable NAME based on the values of the variables TIME and DATE. The program starts by initializing the variables NAME, TIME, and DATE with empty strings, “NOON”, and “Monday” respectively. Then, it uses two nested IF-ELSE statements to check the values of TIME and DATE and modify the value of NAME accordingly. The first IF-ELSE statement checks if TIME is equal to “NOON”. If it is, it sets NAME to “foo”. If it is not, it checks if TIME is equal to “MIDNIGHT”. If it is, it sets NAME to “bar”. If it is not, it does nothing. The second IF-ELSE statement checks if DATE is equal to “Monday”. If it is, it concatenates “sad” to the end of NAME. If it is not, it checks if DATE is equal to “Friday”. If it is, it concatenates “happy” to the end of NAME. If it is not, it does nothing. Finally, the program prints the value of NAME. Since the values of TIME and DATE are “NOON” and “Monday” respectively, the program will set NAME to “foo” in the first IF-ELSE statement and then add “sad” to it in the second IF-ELSE statement. Therefore, the output of the program will be “foosad”. References: CompTIA IT Fundamentals (ITF+) Certification Guide, pages 216-217. Pseudocode - Designing an algorithm - KS3 Computer Science … - BBC.

users is a task that is typically performed during the identification phase of the troubleshooting methodology. QUESTION NO: users involves gathering information from the users who are experiencing the problem or who have reported the problem. This can help identify the symptoms, scope, frequency, and impact of the problem. Verify functionality, divide and conquer, and implement the solution are tasks that are typically performed in other phases of the troubleshooting methodology. References: CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ Study Guide: Exam FC0-U61, Second Edition, Chapter 9: Troubleshooting Methodology, page 333.

Spreadsheet software is a type of software that allows users to enter text and numbers in a grid of cells and perform calculations and analysis on the data. Spreadsheet software can also produce charts that demonstrate sales figures or other trends. Examples of spreadsheet software are Microsoft Excel, Google Sheets, and LibreOffice Calc.

References: CompTIA IT Fundamentals+ Study Guide: Exam FC0-U61, Second Edition, Chapter 7: Software Installation and Functions, page 266.