CC Exam Dumps - CC - Certified in Cybersecurity

Endpoints are user-facing devices such as laptops, desktops, and mobile devices.

A security incident is any event that actually or potentially compromises confidentiality, integrity, or availability.

During the detection and analysis phase, incidents are identified, triaged, categorized, and prioritized based on impact and urgency. This ensures resources are allocated appropriately.

Sensitivity refers to thedegree of protection required for information, as determined by its owner. Highly sensitive data requires stronger confidentiality controls because unauthorized disclosure could cause significant harm.

Authentication is the process of verifying that a user is who they claim to be. Identification occurs first (username), authentication verifies the claim (password, token, biometrics), and authorization determines access rights.

An incident response policy establishes authority, scope, and direction. Without management approval, IR activities lack legitimacy.

The purpose of multi-factor authentication (MFA) in Identity and Access Management (IAM) is to strengthen authentication by requiring users to present two or more independent factors from different categories: something you know, something you have, or something you are. This layered approach significantly reduces the risk of unauthorized access, even if one factor—such as a password—is compromised.

MFA addresses common attack techniques such as phishing, credential stuffing, and brute-force attacks. For example, even if an attacker steals a user’s password, they would still need access to the user’s hardware token or biometric factor to authenticate successfully.

MFA does not simplify access, remove authentication, or grant unrestricted access. Instead, it deliberately increases verification requirements to improve security. NIST SP 800-63 and other security frameworks strongly recommend MFA for privileged accounts, remote access, and cloud services because of its proven effectiveness in preventing account compromise.

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) creates an encrypted tunnel between a user’s device and a remote network or server. This tunnel protects data confidentiality and integrity by encrypting all traffic passing through it, even when using untrusted networks such as public Wi-Fi.

HTTPS encrypts only web traffic, antivirus detects malware, and IDS monitors for suspicious activity. Only a VPN provides full-tunnel encryption for all network communications. VPNs are commonly implemented using protocols such as IPSec or SSL/TLS and are widely recommended for secure remote access.