What MTCNA Questions and Answers feature?

In the TCP/IP model (also known as the DoD model), the Host-to-Host layer is responsible for reliable end-to-end communication, which aligns directly with the Transport Layer (Layer 4) of the OSI model. This layer is where TCP and UDP protocols reside.

MTCNA Course Material – Protocol Layers Mapping:

“The Host-to-Host layer in TCP/IP model corresponds to the Transport layer in OSI. It handles reliable delivery through TCP and connectionless communication via UDP.”

René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – TCP/IP vs OSI:

“Host-to-Host layer = OSI Layer 4. Protocols: TCP, UDP.”

Other layers:

Application → OSI Layers 5–7

Internet → OSI Layer 3

Network Access → OSI Layers 1–2

Final Answer: BQUESTION NO: 118 [RouterOS Introduction – Protocols and Transport Layers]

Which of the following services use TCP?

DHCP

SMTP

HTTP

TFTP

FTP

A. 1 and 2

B. 2, 3 and 5

C. 1, 2 and 4

D. 1, 3 and 4

Answer: B

Services that use TCP:

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) – TCP port 25

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) – TCP port 80

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) – TCP ports 20 and 21

Services that use UDP:

DHCP – UDP ports 67 (server), 68 (client)

TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) – UDP port 69

MTCNA Course Material – Protocol Port Assignments:

“TCP-based services include FTP, HTTP, and SMTP. UDP-based services include TFTP, DHCP.”

René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – Port Numbers and Transport Protocols:

“SMTP = TCP 25, HTTP = TCP 80, FTP = TCP 20/21. DHCP = UDP, TFTP = UDP.”

So, the correct TCP services are: 2 (SMTP), 3 (HTTP), and 5 (FTP).

Final Answer: BQUESTION NO: 119 [Networking Fundamentals – VLAN Trunking]

What protocols are used to configure trunking on a switch?

VLAN Trunking Protocol

VLAN

802.1Q

ISL

A. 1 and 2

B. 3 and 4

C. 1 only

D. 2 only

Answer: B

The two actual trunking protocols used to carry VLAN-tagged frames across switch links are:

IEEE 802.1Q – Industry-standard trunking protocol

ISL (Inter-Switch Link) – Cisco proprietary trunking protocol

VLANs themselves define broadcast domains but are not a trunking protocol. VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) is used to distribute VLAN configuration but not to trunk data.

MTCNA Course Material – VLAN and Trunking Overview:

“802.1Q is the standard VLAN trunking protocol. ISL is a Cisco-specific protocol. VTP is used for VLAN propagation, not actual trunking.”

René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – VLAN Technologies:

“802.1Q and ISL are trunking methods. VTP helps with VLAN configuration but is not a trunking protocol.”

Correct trunking protocols: 802.1Q and ISL

Final Answer: BQUESTION NO: 120 [RouterOS]

If you wanted to delete the configuration stored in NVRAM, what would you type?

A. erase startup

B. erase nvram

C. delete nvram

D. erase running

Answer: A

In Cisco IOS (used as a common reference in networking), the startup configuration is stored in NVRAM. To delete it and reset the device to factory defaults upon reboot, you use:

Command: erase startup-config or write erase

Networking Fundamentals – Cisco CLI:

“To remove the startup-config file from NVRAM, use erase startup-config. This will delete saved settings and reboot will load default settings.”

René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – Cisco Integration:

“erase startup-config is used to clear saved configuration. Running-config is stored in RAM, and ‘erase running’ is invalid.”

Other options:

B and C: Not valid Cisco commands

D: erase running is invalid — running-config must be cleared manually or overwritten

Setting "forwarding=no" on a wireless interface prevents communication between connected clients on that interface and between that interface and other interfaces in the same bridge. This means:

Stations connected to wlan1 cannot talk to each other

Stations on wlan1 cannot talk to stations on wlan2 (even if bridged)

Stations on wlan2 can talk to each other normally

Evaluation:

A.✅Correct – forwarding=no does not affect wlan2

B.❌Incorrect – forwarding=no blocks this

C.✅Correct – clients on wlan1 cannot talk to each other either

D.❌Bridge filters can be used but this scenario is about forwarding settings

E.❌Blocked by forwarding=no

MTCNA Wireless Module – Wireless Forwarding Behavior:

“Forwarding=no disables client-to-client communication on the interface and across bridges.”

René Meneses Study Guide – Wireless Access Config:

“Use forwarding=no to isolate clients on the same AP. Affects bridging too.”

Terry Combs Notes – Wireless Isolation:

“Setting forwarding=no isolates all clients on that wireless card.”

Answer: A, CQUESTION NO: 81 [Wireless]

Consider a wireless access point with mode=ap-bridge. What is the maximum number of concurrent clients that can connect to it?

A. 2007

B. 2012

C. 2048

D. 1024

Answer: C

In MikroTik RouterOS, the theoretical maximum number of clients that can associate with an AP in ap-bridge mode is 2048. However, practical limits depend on hardware performance and network stability, and most real-world setups use far fewer clients.

Let’s review:

A. 2007 →❌Close, but not the actual hard limit

B. 2012 →❌Incorrect

C.✅2048 → Correct per MikroTik’s AP mode specification

D. 1024 →❌Lower than the actual maximum

MTCNA Wireless Module – AP Behavior:

“In ap-bridge mode, the maximum theoretical client limit is 2048. Actual stable operation may be lower.”

René Meneses Guide – Wireless Scaling:

“2048 is the upper limit for client associations on a MikroTik AP in bridge mode.”

Terry Combs Notes – Client Capacity:

“2048 clients = maximum. Performance may degrade before that in high-traffic environments.”

PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) uses a modular architecture consisting of two main components:

LCP (Link Control Protocol): Establishes, configures, and tests the data-link connection

NCP (Network Control Protocol): Identifies and configures protocols at the Network Layer (e.g., IP, IPX)

NCP allows multiple protocols to be used over the same PPP link by negotiating and identifying the type of Layer 3 protocol.

MTCNA Course Material – PPP Components:

“NCP handles Layer 3 protocol negotiation and support. For example, IPCP (IP Control Protocol) is a type of NCP used for IP.”

René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – PPP Protocol Stack:

“PPP uses NCP to identify and configure multiple Layer 3 protocols such as IP, IPX, AppleTalk.”

Other options:

B: ISDN is a WAN access technology, not part of PPP stack

C: HDLC is a data-link layer protocol, not used for identifying Layer 3

D: LCP configures link parameters, not network layer protocols

Final Answer: AQUESTION NO: 142 [Cisco IOS – IOS Backup Procedure]

To back up an IOS, what command will you use?

A. backup IOS disk

B. copy ios tftp

C. copy tftp flash

D. copy flash tftp

Answer: D

To back up the Cisco IOS image from the router’s flash memory to an external TFTP server, the correct command is:

copy flash tftp

This command initiates a transfer from flash memory to a TFTP server and is the standard procedure for backing up IOS images.

Cisco IOS Configuration Guide – Image Backup:

“To back up your IOS image, use the command copy flash tftp and follow the prompts for file name and TFTP server IP.”

René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – IOS Management:

“copy flash tftp is the correct syntax to save a router’s current IOS to a TFTP server.”

Other options:

A: Invalid syntax

B: Invalid command (copy ios does not exist)

C: copy tftp flash is for installing, not backing up

Final Answer: DQUESTION NO: 143 [IP Addressing – Subnet Calculation]

Which of the following is the valid host range for the subnet on which the IP address 192.168.168.188 255.255.255.192 resides?

A. 192.168.168.129–190

B. 192.168.168.129–191

C. 192.168.168.128–190

D. 192.168.168.128–192

Answer: B

IP address: 192.168.168.188

Subnet mask: 255.255.255.192 → /26 → Block size = 64

Subnets:

192.168.168.0/26 → 192.168.168.0 – 63

192.168.168.64/26 → 192.168.168.64 – 127

192.168.168.128/26 → 192.168.168.128 – 191 ← Contains 192.168.168.188

192.168.168.192/26 → 192.168.168.192 – 255

Valid host range = 192.168.168.129 – 190

(Broadcast = 191, Network address = 128)

MTCNA Course Material – Subnetting Practice:

“To find valid hosts, exclude the subnet and broadcast address. In /26, each block is 64 addresses.”

René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – IP Addressing:

“For /26 subnetting, calculate block size as 2^(32–26) = 64. Subnet starts at multiples of 64.”

Final Answer: BQUESTION NO: 144 [Wireless – IEEE 802.11 Standards]

Which WLAN IEEE specification allows up to 54 Mbps at 2.4 GHz?

A. A

B. B

C. G

D. N

Answer: C

802.11g operates in the 2.4 GHz band and supports data rates up to 54 Mbps. It is backward-compatible with 802.11b and was a significant improvement in speed while maintaining wide compatibility.

MTCNA Course Material – Wireless Standards:

“802.11g operates at 2.4 GHz and supports up to 54 Mbps. It is widely used in legacy devices.”

René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – WLAN Specifications:

“802.11g = 2.4 GHz, 54 Mbps.

802.11a = 5 GHz, 54 Mbps

802.11b = 2.4 GHz, 11 Mbps

802.11n = 2.4/5 GHz, up to 600 Mbps (MIMO)”

Option Breakdown:

A: 802.11a = 54 Mbps at 5 GHz

B: 802.11b = 11 Mbps at 2.4 GHz

C: 802.11g =✔54 Mbps at 2.4 GHz

D: 802.11n = supports 2.4/5 GHz, speeds up to 600 Mbps (depending on MIMO)

fundamentals.

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